Bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a compound according to general formula (I), which acts as a bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonist; to a pharmaceutical composition containing one or more of the compound(s) of the invention; to a combination preparation containing at least one compound of the invention and at least one further active pharmaceutical ingredient; and to uses of said compound(s), including the use as a medicament.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/033,347, filed Sep. 25, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/861,131 filed Apr. 28, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No.10,836,748, issued Nov. 17, 2020, which is a continuation ofInternational Application No. PCT/EP2018/082338 filed Nov. 23, 2018,which claims the benefit of EP 17203675.8 filed on Nov. 24, 2017, all ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a compound according to general formula (I),which acts as a bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonist; to apharmaceutical composition containing one or more of the compound(s) ofthe invention; to a combination preparation containing at least onecompound of the invention and at least one further active pharmaceuticalingredient; and to uses of said compound(s), including the use as amedicament.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

BK is a peptide hormone that participates in inflammatory processes byactivation of endothelial cells leading to vasodilation, increasedvascular permeability, production of nitric oxide, and mobilization ofarachidonic acid. BK also stimulates sensory nerve endings causing aburning dysaesthesia. Thus, the classical parameters of inflammation(e.g. redness, heat, swelling and pain) can all result from BKformation. BK is a short-lived component of the kallikrein-kinin system.The concentration of circulating BK is maintained at a low level undernormal physiological conditions and may be rapidly increased underpathological situations by the enzymatic degradation of the circulatingglycoprotein precursors called kininogens. The two most potentkininogen-metabolising enzymes are the trypsin-like serine proteasesplasma kallikrein and tissue kallikrein. The precursors of these enzymesare normally present in all tissues and are ready to be activated byphysiological or pathophysiological processes. (Sainz, I. M. et alThromb. Haemost. 2007, 98, 77-83). The BK B2 receptor is constitutivelyexpressed in most cell and tissue types and mediates most of the knowneffects of BK when this is produced in plasma or tissues. (Regoli, D. etal Pharmacol. Rev. 1980, 32, 1-46). A large number of in vivo studieshave shown that agents that blockade the BK B2 receptor providetherapeutic benefits in pathological conditions such as asthma, allergicrhinitis, pancreatitis, osteoarthritis, traumatic brain injury,Alzheimer's disease, and angioedema.

Numerous peptide and non-peptide antagonists of BK B2 receptor have beendescribed in the prior art. Quinoline derivatives having activity as BKB2 receptor antagonists are, for example, disclosed in WO 2014/159637,WO 2010/031589, WO 2008/116620, WO 2006/40004, WO 03/103671, WO03/87090, WO 00/23439, WO 00/50418, WO 99/64039, WO 97/41104, WO97/28153, WO 97/07115, WO 96/13485, EP 0 795 547, EP 0 796 848, EP 0 867432, and EP 1 213 289. However, these compounds showed a number ofdeficiencies hampering their utility as a drug, including low metabolicstability, low bioavailability, formation of glutathione adducts andbioactivation (toxicity) as disclosed in WO 2014/159637.

In view of the deficits of the prior art compounds and the severeconditions associated with a pathophysiological level of BK, both acuteand chronic, there is a need for novel BK B2 receptor antagonists.

SUMMARY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention was made in view of the prior art and the needsdescribed above, and, therefore, the object of the present invention isto provide novel BK B2 receptor antagonists according to general formula(I), preferably BK B2 receptor antagonists having one or more improvedproperties, e.g. an improved pharmacokinetic and/or physiochemicalproperty, including bioavailability, solubility, metabolic stability,and a LADME (liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, andexcretion) property. Other objects of the present invention are toprovide a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one BK B2receptor antagonist as described herein; a combination preparationcontaining at least one compound of the invention and at least onefurther active pharmaceutical ingredient; and uses of the compound(s) ofthe invention, including the use as a medicament.

These objects are solved by the subject matter of the attached claims aswill become apparent upon reference to the following description anddefinitions.

The present invention relates to:

-   -   [1] a compound of the general formula (I):

or a salt thereof, wherein

A represents a group:

A¹ is N, or CH;

A² is N, or C—R^(A2);

A³ is N, or C—R^(A3);

A⁴ is NH, O, or S;

A⁵ is N—R^(A5);

R^(A1) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

R^(A2) and R^(A3) each, independently of one another, represents ahydrogen atom, halogen atom, OH, CN, NH₂; (C₁-C₃)alkyl, which may besubstituted by one or more, identical or different, group(s) selectedfrom a halogen atom, OH, ═O, and NH₂; (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, which may besubstituted by one or more, identical or different, group(s) selectedfrom a halogen atom, OH, ═O, and NH₂; (C₂-C₅)alkoxyalkyl, which may besubstituted by one or more, identical or different, group(s) selectedfrom a halogen atom, OH, ═O, and NH₂; C(O)NR^(B1)R^(B2); orNR^(B1)R^(B2);

R^(B1), R^(B2) and R^(A5) each, independently of one another, representsa hydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl group, which may be substituted by oneor more, identical or different, group(s) selected from a halogen atom,OH, ═O, and NH₂;

R¹ represents a (C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₂-C₅)alkoxyalkyl group, which alkylgroup or alkoxyalkyl group may be substituted by one or more, identicalor different, group(s) selected from a deuterium atom, halogen atom, OH,═O, and NH₂;

R² represents a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom;

R³ represents a hydrogen atom, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, or (C₁-C₃)haloalkyl group;

E represents CR^(E1)R^(E2)R^(E3) or Hce;

Hce represents a mono- or bicyclic, partially unsaturated or aromaticheterocycle having 3 to 10 C atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatom(s) each,independently of one another, selected from N, O or S, which heterocycleis unsubstituted or may be mono-, di- or trisubstituted, at eachoccasion independently, by a halogen atom, OH, G, NR^(C1)R^(C2) and/or═O;

R^(C1) and R^(C2) each, independently of one another, represents ahydrogen atom or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl group;

G represents a (C₁-C₆)alkyl group, in which 1 to 7H atoms may, at eachoccasion independently, be replaced by a halogen atom, OR^(G1), CN,NR^(G2)R^(G3) or (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, and/or in which one CH₂ group, ortwo non-adjacent CH₂ groups, may be replaced by O, C(O), OC(O), C(O)O,C(O)NH, NH, S, SO, SO₂ and/or by a CH═CH group;

R^(G1), R^(G2), and R^(G3) each, independently of one another,represents a hydrogen atom, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄) haloalkyl, (C₁-C₄)hydroxyalkyl, (C₁-C₄) heteroalkyl, or (C₃-C₆) cycloalkyl group;

R^(E1) and R^(E2) each, independently of one another, represents ahydrogen atom, halogen atom, or G; or R^(E1) and R^(E2) taken togetherform ═O or Cyc;

R^(E3) represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, G, OG or OH; and

-   -   Cyc represents a mono- or bicyclic, saturated or partially        unsaturated 3- to 10-membered cycloalkyl group or 4- to        10-membered heterocycloalkyl group having 1 to 3 heteroatom(s)        each, independently of one another, selected from N, O or S,        which cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted or        may be mono-, di-, tri-, or tetrasubstituted, at each occasion        independently, by a halogen atom, OH, G, NR^(C1)R^(C2) and/or        ═O.

Compounds are usually described herein using standard nomenclature orthe definitions presented below. For compounds having asymmetriccenters, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, allof the optical isomers and mixtures thereof are encompassed. Compoundswith two or more asymmetric elements can also be present as mixtures ofdiastereomers. In addition, compounds with carbon-carbon double bondsmay occur in Z- and E-forms, with all isomeric forms of the compoundsbeing included in the present invention unless otherwise specified.Where a compound exists in various tautomeric forms, a recited compoundis not limited to any one specific tautomer, but rather is intended toencompass all tautomeric forms. It will be apparent that the compound ofthe invention may, but need not, be present as a hydrate, solvate ornon-covalent complex. In addition, the various crystal forms andpolymorphs are within the scope of the present invention, as areprodrugs of the compound of the invention. Recited compounds are furtherintended to encompass compounds in which one or more atoms are replacedwith an isotope, i.e., an atom having the same atomic number but adifferent mass number. By way of general example, and withoutlimitation, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium andisotopes of carbon include ¹¹C, ¹³C, and ¹⁴C.

Compounds according to the formulas provided herein, which have one ormore stereogenic center(s), have an enantiomeric excess of at least 50%.For example, such compounds may have an enantiomeric excess of at least60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 98%. Some embodiments of the compoundshave an enantiomeric excess of at least 99%. It will be apparent thatsingle enantiomers (optically active forms) can be obtained byasymmetric synthesis, synthesis from optically pure precursors or byresolution of the racemates. Resolution of the racemates can beaccomplished, for example, by conventional methods such ascrystallization in the presence of a resolving agent, or chromatography,using, for example a chiral HPLC column.

The compound according to the invention is described herein using ageneral formula that includes variables such as, e.g. A, A¹-A⁵, E,R¹-R³, R^(A1)-R^(A5), R^(B1)-R^(B2), R^(C1)-R^(C2), R^(E1)-R^(E3), andR^(G1)-R^(G3). Unless otherwise specified, each variable within such aformula is defined independently of any other variable, and any variablethat occurs more than one time in a formula is defined independently ateach occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to besubstituted with 0-2 R*, the group may be unsubstituted, or substitutedwith 1 or 2 group(s) R*, wherein R* at each occurrence is selectedindependently from the corresponding definition of R*. Also,combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only ifsuch combinations result in stable compounds, i.e., compounds that canbe isolated, characterized and tested for biological activity.

As used herein a wording defining the limits of a range of length suchas, e. g., “from 1 to 5” means any integer from 1 to 5, i. e. 1, 2, 3, 4and 5. In other words, any range defined by two integers explicitlymentioned is meant to comprise and disclose any integer defining saidlimits and any integer comprised in said range. For example, the term“C₁-C₃” refers to 1 to 3, i.e. 1, 2 or 3, carbon atoms; and the term“C₁-C₆” refers to 1 to 6, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, carbon atoms.Further, the prefix “(C_(x-y))” as used herein means that the chain,ring or combination of chain and ring structure as a whole, indicated indirect association of the prefix, may consist of a minimum of x and amaximum of y carbon atoms (i.e. x<y), wherein x and y represent integersdefining the limits of the length of the chain (number of carbon atoms)and/or the size of the ring (number of carbon ring atoms).

A “pharmacologically acceptable salt” of a compound disclosed herein isan acid or base salt that is generally considered in the art to besuitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings or animalswithout excessive toxicity or carcinogenicity, and preferably withoutirritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication. Suchpharmaceutical salts include mineral and organic acid salts of basicresidues such as amines, as well as alkali or organic salts of acidicresidues such as carboxylic acids.

Suitable pharmaceutical salts include, but are not limited to, salts ofacids such as hydrochloric, phosphoric, hydrobromic, malic, glycolic,fumaric, sulfuric, sulfamic, sulfanilic, formic, toluenesulfonic,methanesulfonic, benzene sulfonic, ethane disulfonic,2-hydroxyethylsulfonic, nitric, benzoic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, citric,tartaric, lactic, stearic, salicylic, glutamic, ascorbic, pamoic,succinic, fumaric, maleic, propionic, hydroxymaleic, hydroiodic,phenylacetic, alkanoic such as acetic, HOOC—(CH₂)_(n)—COOH where n isany integer from 0 to 4 (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) and the like.Similarly, pharmaceutically acceptable cations include, but are notlimited to sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, lithium and ammonium.Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize furtherpharmacologically acceptable salts for the compounds provided herein. Ingeneral, a pharmacologically acceptable acid or base salt can besynthesized from a parent compound that contains a basic or acidicmoiety by any conventional chemical method. Briefly, such salts can beprepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds witha stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or inan organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two. Generally, the use ofnonaqueous media, such as ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol oracetonitrile, is preferred.

A “substituent,” as used herein, refers to a molecular moiety that iscovalently bonded to an atom within a molecule of interest. For example,a substituent on a ring may be a moiety such as a halogen atom, analkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy, cyano, or amino group, or any othersubstituent described herein that is covalently bonded to an atom,preferably a carbon or nitrogen atom, that is a ring member.

The term “substituted,” as used herein, means that any one or morehydrogen atom(s) on the designated atom or group (e.g. alkyl, alkoxy,alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl) is replaced witha selection from the indicated substituents, provided that thedesignated atom's normal valence or the group's number of possible sitesfor substitution is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in astable compound, i.e. a compound that can be isolated, characterized andtested for biological activity. When a substituent is oxo, i.e., ═O,then 2 hydrogens on the atom are replaced. An oxo group that is asubstituent of an aromatic carbon atom results in a conversion of —CH—to —C(═O)— and may lead to a loss of aromaticity. For example, a pyridylgroup substituted by oxo is a pyridone. The indication mono-, di-, trior tetrasubstituted denotes groups having one (mono), two (di), three(tri) or four substituents, provided that the substitution does notexceeded the number of possible sites for substitution and results in astable compound. For example, a monosubstituted imidazolyl group may bean (imidazolidin-2-on)yl group and a disubstituted isoxazolyl group maybe a ((3,5-dimethyl)isoxazolyl) group.

As used herein, “comprising”, “including”, “containing”, “characterizedby”, and grammatical equivalents thereof are inclusive or open-endedterms that do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or methodsteps. Yet, “Comprising”, etc. is also to be interpreted as includingthe more restrictive terms “consisting essentially of” and “consistingof”, respectively.

As used herein, “consisting of” excludes any element, step, oringredient not specified in the claim.

When trade names are used herein, it is intended to independentlyinclude the trade name product formulation, the generic drug, and theactive pharmaceutical ingredient(s) of the trade name product.

In general, unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific termsused herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one ofordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and areconsistent with general textbooks and dictionaries.

The expression alkyl or alkyl group denotes a saturated, straight-chainor branched hydrocarbon group that contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms,preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbonatoms, or the number of carbon atoms indicated in the prefix. If analkyl is substituted, the substitution may take place, independently ofone another, by mono-, di-, or tri-substitution of individual carbonatoms of the molecule, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 hydrogen atom(s) may,at each occasion independently, be replaced by a selection from theindicated substituents. The foregoing also applies if the alkyl groupforms a part of a group, e.g. haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylamino,alkoxy, or alkoxyalkyl. Examples of an alkyl group include methyl,ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, n-hexyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, or n-octyl, andexamples of a substituted alkyl group or a group where the alkyl forms apart of a group, include haloalkyl, e.g. a trifluoromethyl or adifluoromethyl group; hydroxyalkyl, e.g. hydroxymethyl or 2-hydroxyethylgroup, and a methoxymethyl group. The term “(C₁₋₆) alkyl” includes, forexample, H₃C—, H₃C—CH₂—, H₃C—CH₂—CH₂—, H₃C—CH(CH₃)—, H₃C—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—,H₃C—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—, H₃C—CH(CH₃)—CH₂, H₃C—C(CH₃)₂—, H₃C—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—,H₃C—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—, H₃C—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—, H₃C—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂—,H₃C—CH₂—C(CH₃)₂—, H₃C—C(CH₃)₂—CH₂—, H₃C—CH(CH₃)—CH(CH₃)—,H₃C—CH₂—CH(CH₂CH₃)—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃,(H₃CH₂C)CH(CH₂CH₂CH₃)—, —C(CH₃)₂(CH₂CH₂CH₃), —CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, and—CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂.

The expression alkoxy or alkoxy group refers to an alkyl group singularbonded to oxygen, i.e. —O-alkyl. The term “(C₁-C₆) alkoxy” includes, forexample, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy,isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, tert-amyloxy- or n-hexyloxy, andaccordingly (C₁-C₃)alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, orisopropoxy.

The expression alkoxyalkyl or alkoxyalkyl group refers to an alkyl groupsingular bonded to one or more alkoxy group(s), e.g. -alkyl-O-alkyl or-alkyl-O-alkyl-O-alkyl. The term “(C₂-C₅) alkoxyalkyl” includes, forexample, methoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, and 1-ethoxyethyl.

The expression haloalkyl or haloalkyl group refers to an alkyl group inwhich one, two, three or more hydrogen atoms have been replacedindependently of each other by a halogen atom. The term “(C₁-C₃)haloalkyl” includes, for example, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, bromomethyl,dibromomethyl, iodomethyl, (1- or 2-)haloethyl (e.g. (1- or2-)fluoroethyl or (1- or 2-)chloroethyl), (2- or 3-) halopropyl (e.g.(2- or 3-) fluoropropyl or (2- or 3-) chloropropyl).

The expression hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkyl group refers to an alkylgroup in which one, two, three or more hydrogen atoms have been replacedindependently of each other by a hydroxy (OH) group. The term “(C₁-C₄)hydroxyalkyl” includes, for example, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl,hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl.

As used herein, the expression heteroalkyl or heteroalkyl group refersto an alkyl group, straight chain or branched as defined above, in whichone or more, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, carbon atom(s) has/have beenreplaced, each independently of one another, by an oxygen, nitrogen,selenium, silicon or sulphur atom, preferably by an oxygen, sulphur ornitrogen atom, C(O), OC(O), C(O)O, C(O)NH, NH, SO, SO₂ or by a CH═CHgroup, wherein said heteroalkyl group may be substituted. For example, a“(C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl group” contains from 1 to 4, e.g. 1, 2, 3 or 4,carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1, 2 or 3, heteroatomsselected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur (especially oxygen andnitrogen). Examples of an heteroalkyl group include alkylamino,dialkylamino, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, acyl, acylalkyl,alkoxycarbonyl, acyloxy, acyloxyalkyl, carboxyalkylamide,alkoxycarbonyloxy, alkylcarbamoyl, alkylamido, alkylcarbamoylalkyl,alkylamidoalkyl, alkylcarbamoyloxyalkyl, alkylureidoalkyl, alkoxy,alkoxyalkyl, or alkylthio group. The expression alkylthio or alkylthiogroup refers to an alkyl group, in which one or more non-adjacent CH₂group(s) are replaced by sulfur, wherein the alkyl moiety of thealkylthio group may be substituted. Specific examples of a heteroalkylgroup include acyl, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy,isopropyloxy, tert-butyloxy, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl,methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino,isopropylethylamino, methylaminomethyl, ethylaminomethyl,diisopropylaminoethyl, dimethylaminomethyl, dimethylaminoethyl, acetyl,propionyl, butyryloxy, acetyloxy, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl,isobutyrylamino-methyl, N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamoyl, N-methylcarbamoyl,cyano, nitrile, isonitrile, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate andalkylnitrile.

The expression cycloalkyl or cycloalkyl group refers to a saturatedcarbocyclic ring group comprising one or more rings (preferably 1 or 2)and containing from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 10(more preferably 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7) ring carbon atoms; the cycloalkylgroup may be substituted and can be bonded as a substituent via everysuitable position of the ring system. Examples of cycloalkyl includemonocyclic hydrocarbon rings, bicyclic hydrocarbon rings andspiro-hydrocarbon rings. In a bicyclic cycloalkyl group, two rings arejoined together so that they have at least two carbon atoms in common.In a spiro-hydrocarbon ring, 2 or 3 rings are linked together by onecommon atom carbon atom (spiro-atom). If a cycloalkyl is substituted,the substitution may take place, independently of one another, by mono-or di-substitution of individual ring carbon atoms of the molecule, andthe cycloalkyl group as a whole may carry 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituentsfrom the indicated selection of substituents, i.e. 1, 2, 3, or 4hydrogen atom(s) of the carbon ring atoms may, at each occasionindependently, be replaced by a substituent selected from the indicatedlist of substituents thereby resulting in a mono-, di-, tri-, ortetrasubstituted cycloalkyl group. Examples of cycloalkyl includecyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl,bicyclo[2.2.0]hexyl, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl,bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[4.3.0]nonyl (octahydroindenyl),bicyclo[4.4.0]decyl (decahydronaphthyl), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl(norbornyl), bicyclo[4.1.0]heptyl (norcaranyl), bicyclo[3.1.1]heptyl(pinanyl), spiro[2.5]octyl, and spiro[3.3]heptyl. If a cycloalkyl ispartially unsaturated, the group contains one, two or more double bonds,such as, for example, a cycloalkenyl group, including cyclopropenyl,cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl,cyclobutadienyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexadienyl,bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadienyl, and spiro[4,5]decenyl.

The expression heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group refers to acycloalkyl group, saturated or partially unsaturated, as defined above,in which one or more, preferably 1, 2 or 3, ring carbon atom(s) has/havebeen replaced each independently of one another by an oxygen, nitrogenor sulphur atom, preferably oxygen or nitrogen, or by NO, SO or SO₂; theheterocycloalkyl may be substituted and can be bonded as a substituentvia every suitable position of the ring system; at least one carbon atommust be present between two oxygen atoms and between two sulphur atomsor between an oxygen and a sulphur atom; and the ring as a whole musthave chemical stability. A heterocycloalkyl group has preferably 1 or 2ring(s) containing from 3 to 10 (more preferably 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, andmost preferably 5, 6 or 7) ring atoms. Examples of heterocycloalkylinclude aziridinyl, oxiranyl, thiiranyl, oxaziridinyl, dioxiranyl,azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, diazetidinyl, dioxetanyl, dithietanyl,pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiolanyl, azolyl, thiazolyl,isothiazolyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl,isoxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, dioxolanyl,dithiolanyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, trioxanyl,azepanyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, homopiperazinyl, urotropinyl,oxazolidinonyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydropyrazinyl,dihydropyridyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, dihydrofuryl, dihydropyranyl, andexamples of substituted heterocycloalkyl include lactam, lactone andcyclic imide ring systems.

The expressions aryl, Ar or aryl group refer to an aromatic group thatcontains one or more aromatic rings containing from 6 to 14 ring carbonatoms (C₆-C₁₄), preferably from 6 to 10 (C₆-C₁₀), more preferably 6 ringcarbon atoms; the aryl may be substituted and can be bonded as asubstituent via every suitable position of the ring system. Examples ofaryl include phenyl, naphthyl, bi-phenyl, indanyl, indenyl, anthracenyl,phenanthrenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl and fluorenyl.

The expression heteroaryl or heteroaryl group refers to an aromaticgroup that contains one or more aromatic rings containing from 5 to 14ring atoms, preferably from 5 to 10 (more preferably 5 or 6) ring atoms,and contains one or more (preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4) oxygen, nitrogen,phosphorus or sulphur ring atoms (preferably O, S or N); the heteroarylmay be substituted and can be bonded as a substituent via every suitableposition of the ring system. Examples of an unsubstituted heteroarylgroup include 2-pyridyl, 2-imidazolyl, 3-phenylpyrrolyl, thiazolyl,oxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl,benzimidazolyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, purinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl,pyrimidyl, 2,3′-bifuryl, 3-pyrazolyl and isoquinolinyl.

The expression heterocycle denotes ring systems, which include the abovedefined heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl ring systems, e.g. a partiallyunsaturated heterocycle is synonymous with a partially unsaturatedheterocycloalkyl and an aromatic heterocycle is synonymous with aheteroaryl. The heterocycle may be substituted and can be bonded as asubstituent via every suitable position of the ring system. Examples ofa partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle include oxetenyl,thietenyl, azetinyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, 2,5-dihydrofuranyl,2,5-dihydrothiophenyl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl,pyrrolyl, benzo[b]furanyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, indolyl,benzo[c]pyrrolyl, benzo[a]pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl,isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl,tetrazolyl, dihydropyridinyl, oxazinyl, pyridinyl, dihydropyranyl,azepinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,purinyl, and pteridinyl.

The general term ring as used herein, unless defined otherwise, includesthe cyclic groups defined herein above, e.g. a cycloalkyl group,heterocycloalkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, and heterocycle.

The expression halogen or halogen atom as used herein means fluorine,chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

The expression heteroatom as used herein, preferably denotes an oxygen,nitrogen or sulphur atom, more preferably a nitrogen or oxygen atom.

The term “8-benzyloxy-quinoline”, as used herein, refers to compounds ofgeneral formula (I) provided herein, as well as salts and preferablypharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. It will be apparent that suchcompounds may be further substituted as indicated.

The present invention preferably relates to one or more of thefollowing:

-   -   [2] the compound or salt according to [1] above, wherein A        represents:

-   -   [3] the compound or salt according to [1] or [2], wherein A        represents:

-   -   [4] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [3],        wherein A represents:

-   -   [5] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [4],        wherein R¹ represents a (C₁-C₂)alkyl or (C₂-C₄)alkoxyalkyl        group, which alkyl group or alkoxyalkyl group may be substituted        by one or more, identical or different, group(s) selected from a        deuterium atom, halogen atom, and OH;    -   [6] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [5],        wherein R¹ represents a methyl, ethyl, methoxymethyl,        methoxyethyl, or ethoxymethyl group, which may be substituted by        one or more, identical or different, group(s) selected from a        deuterium atom, halogen atom, and OH;    -   [7] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [6],        wherein R¹ represents CH₃, C₂H₅, CD₃, C₂D₅, CH₂OH, CH₂F, CHF₂,        CF₃, CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂CH₂F, CH₂CF₃, CH₂OCH₃, CH₂OCHF₂, or CH₂OCF₃;    -   [8] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [7],        wherein R¹ represents CH₃, C₂H₅, CD₃, or CH₂OH;    -   [9] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [8],        wherein R³ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;    -   [10] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [9],        wherein R² represents a hydrogen atom;    -   [11] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [9],        wherein R² represents a deuterium atom;    -   [12] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [11],        wherein E is CR^(E1)R^(E2)R^(E3) and each of R^(E1), R^(E2), and        R^(E3) is defined as in [1];    -   [13] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [12],        wherein R^(E1) represents a hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, methyl        or ethyl;    -   [14] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [13],        wherein R^(E2) represents a hydrogen atom, fluorine atom,        (C₁-C₆)alkyl group, preferably a (C₁-C₃)alkyl group, in which 1        to 4H atoms may, at each occasion independently, be replaced by        a fluorine atom, OH, ═O, or NR^(C1)R^(C2); (C₁-C₆)alkoxy group,        preferably a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy group, in which 1 to 4H atoms may, at        each occasion independently, be replaced by a fluorine atom, OH,        ═O, NR^(C1)R^(C2) or cyclopropyl; or a (C₂-C₆)alkoxyalkyl group,        preferably a (C₂-C₅) or (C₂-C₄)alkoxyalkyl group, in which 1 to        5H atoms may, at each occasion independently, be replaced by a        fluorine atom, OH, ═O, NR^(C1)R^(C2) or cyclopropyl; and each of        R^(C1) and R^(C2) is defined as in [1];    -   [15] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [14],        wherein R^(E3) represents a hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, OH,        (C₁-C₆)alkyl group, preferably a (C₁-C₃)alkyl group, in which 1        to 5H atoms may, at each occasion independently, be replaced by        a fluorine atom, OH, ═O, or NR^(C1)R^(C2); (C₁-C₆)alkoxy group,        in which 1 to 5H atoms may, at each occasion independently, be        replaced by a fluorine atom, OH, ═O, NR^(C1)R^(C2) or        cyclopropyl; a (C₂-C₆)alkoxyalkyl group, preferably a (C₂-C₅) or        (C₂-C₄)alkoxyalkyl group, in which 1 to 5H atoms may, at each        occasion independently, be replaced by a fluorine atom, OH, ═O,        NR^(C1)R^(C2) or cyclopropyl; and each of R^(C1) and R^(C2) is        defined as in [1];    -   [16] the compound or salt according to [12], wherein R^(E1) and        R^(E2) are taken together to form ═O or Cyc, wherein the Cyc is        selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, oxetanyl,        tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl,        morpholinyl, azetidinyl pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,        (imidazolidin-2-on)yl and (oxazolidin-2-on)yl, and is        unsubstituted or may be mono-, di- or trisubstituted, at each        occasion independently, by a halogen atom, OH, G, NR^(C1)R^(C2)        and/or ═O;    -   [17] the compound or salt according to [16], wherein the Cyc is        unsubstituted or may be mono-, di- or trisubstituted, at each        occasion independently, by a fluorine atom, OH, (C₁-C₃)alkyl,        (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, NR^(C1)R^(C2) and/or ═O; and each of R^(C1) and        R^(C2) is defined as in [1];    -   [18] the compound or salt according to [16] or [17], wherein the        Cyc is an oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl,        morpholinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,        (imidazolidin-2-on)yl or (oxazolidin-2-on)yl, which is        unsubstituted or may be mono-, di- or trisubstituted, at each        occasion independently, by a fluorine atom, OH, (C₁-C₃)alkyl        and/or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy;    -   [19] the compound or salt according to any one of [16] to [18],        wherein R^(E3) represents a hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, OH or        a (C₁-C₃)alkyl group;    -   [20] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [11],        wherein E represents Hce;    -   [21] the compound or salt according to [20], wherein Hce        represents a monocyclic, partially unsaturated or aromatic        heterocycle having 3 to 5 C atoms and 1 to 3 N atom(s); 3 to 5 C        atoms, 1-2 N atom(s) and 1 O atom; or 3 to 5 C atoms, 1-2 N        atom(s) and 1 S atom; which heterocycle is unsubstituted or may        be mono-, di- or trisubstituted, at each occasion independently,        by a halogen atom, OH, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)haloalkyl,        (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₃)haloalkoxy and/or ═O;    -   [22] the compound or salt according to [20] or [21], wherein E        is selected from:

-   -   [23] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [15],        and [20] to [22], wherein E represents a group:

-   -   [24] the compound or salt according to any one of [1] to [23],        wherein the compound is selected from the group:

Compounds including suitable combinations of preferred embodiments, i.e.[2] to [23], of the compound according to general formula (I), or a saltthereof, are particularly preferred; e.g. a compound or salt thereofincluding a combination of [1], [3], [6] and [9] as disclosed herein. Inother words, the present invention specifically encompasses all possiblecombinations of [1] to [23] as indicated above, which result in a stablecompound.

The 8-benzyloxy-quinoline BK B2 receptor antagonist according to any oneof [1] to [24] provided herein exhibits high activity on human BK B2receptor, e. g. an inhibition constant IC₅₀ (half-maximal inhibitoryconcentration) for inhibition of BK-induced BK B2 receptor activity of 1micromolar (μM) or less, e.g. of from 251 nanomolar (nM) to 1 μM;preferably an IC₅₀ of 250 nM or less, e.g. of from 51 nM to 250 nM;still more preferably an IC₅₀ of 50 nM or less; even more preferably anIC₅₀ of about 10 nM or less, or 1 nM or less in the assay mentionedbelow. The 8-benzyloxy-quinoline BK B2 receptor antagonists according toany one of [1] to [24] can exhibit a high activity on human BK B2receptor, but also on BK B2 receptors of species other than human, e.g.rat, mouse, gerbil, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, cat, pig, or cynomolgusmonkey.

The activity and more specifically the bioactivity of the compoundsaccording to the present invention can be assessed using appropriateassays known to those skilled in the art, e.g. in vitro or in vivoassays. For instance, the inhibitory effect (expressed as IC₅₀ value) ofa compound of the invention on the B2 receptor activity may bedetermined via intracellular calcium mobilization assay, such as theassay provided in Example 12, which is thus an embodiment of a standardin vitro B2 receptor-mediated assay. A particularly preferred compoundor salt according to any one of [1] to [24] exhibits an IC₅₀ of 50 nM orless in a standard in vitro BK B2 receptor assay; e.g. the assayprovided in Example 12.

The therapeutic use of a compound of general formula (I), itspharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate; and also of aformulation or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same arewithin the scope of the present invention. The present invention alsorelates to the use of a compound of general formula (I) as activeingredient in the preparation or manufacture of a medicament.

A pharmaceutical composition according to the present inventioncomprises at least one compound of formula (I) or a pharmacologicallyacceptable salt thereof, preferably a compound according to any one of[1] to [24] or a salt thereof, and, optionally, at least one, i.e. oneor more, carrier substance, excipient and/or adjuvant. In particular, apharmaceutical composition of the invention can comprise one or morecompound(s) according to the invention, e.g. a compound according to anyone of [1] to [24], and, optionally, at least one carrier substance,excipient and/or adjuvant. The pharmaceutical composition mayadditionally comprise, for example, one or more of water, buffers (e.g.,neutral buffered saline or phosphate buffered saline), ethanol, mineraloil, vegetable oil, dimethylsulfoxide, carbohydrates (e.g., glucose,mannose, sucrose or dextrans), mannitol, proteins, adjuvants,polypeptides or amino acids such as glycine, antioxidants, chelatingagents such as EDTA or glutathione and/or preservatives.

Furthermore, one or more other active ingredient(s) may (but need not)be included in the pharmaceutical composition provided herein. Forinstance, one or more compound(s) of the invention may advantageously becontained in a combination preparation that contains at least onefurther active pharmaceutical ingredient. The further or supplementalactive agent or active pharmaceutical ingredient is preferably an activeagent or active pharmaceutical ingredient which has utility in theprevention or treatment of one or more condition(s) responsive to BK B2receptor modulation, including a condition selected from the groupcomprising a skin disorder; eye disease; ear disease; mouth, throat andrespiratory disease; gastrointestinal disease; liver, gallbladder andpancreatic disease; urinary tract and kidney disease; disease of malegenitale organs and female genitale organs; disease of the hormonesystem; metabolic disease; cardiovascular disease; blood disease;lymphatic disease; disorder of the central nervous system; braindisorder; musculoskeletal system disease; allergy disorder; pain;infectious disease; inflammatory disorder; injury; immunology disorder;cancer; hereditary disease; and edema. For instance, at least onecompound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the invention mayadvantageously be contained in a combination preparation that includesan antibiotic, anti-fungal, or anti-viral agent, an anti histamine, anon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a disease modifying anti-rheumaticdrug, a cytostatic drug, a drug with smooth muscle activity modulatoryactivity, an antibody, or mixtures of the aforementioned as further orsupplemental active agent or active pharmaceutical ingredient.

The pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be formulated forany appropriate manner of administration, including, for example,topical (e.g., transdermal or ocular), oral, buccal, nasal, vaginal,rectal or parenteral administration. The term parenteral as used hereinincludes subcutaneous, intradermal, intravascular (e.g., intravenous),intramuscular, spinal, intracranial, intrathecal, intraocular,periocular, intraorbital, intrasynovial and intraperitoneal injection,as well as any similar injection or infusion technique. In certainembodiments, compositions in a form suitable for oral use are preferred.Such forms include, for example, tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous oroily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion, hard orsoft capsules, or syrups or elixirs. Within yet other embodiments,compositions provided herein may be formulated as a lyophilizate.Formulation for topical administration may be preferred for certainconditions (e.g., in the treatment of skin conditions such as burns oritch). Briefly summarized, the pharmaceutical composition can, forexample, be formulated as an aerosol, a cream, a gel, a pill, a capsule,a syrup, a solution, a transdermal patch or a pharmaceutical deliverydevice.

For the prevention and/or treatment of diseases mediated by BK oranalogues thereof, the dose of the biologically active compoundaccording to the invention may vary within wide limits and may beadjusted to individual requirements. Active compounds according to thepresent invention are generally administered in a therapeuticallyeffective amount. Preferred doses range from about 0.1 mg to about 140mg per kilogram of body weight per day (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g perpatient per day). The daily dose may be administered as a single dose orin a plurality of doses. The amount of active ingredient that may becombined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form willvary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode ofadministration. Dosage unit forms will generally contain between fromabout 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient.

It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for anyparticular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including theactivity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight,general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route ofadministration, and rate of excretion, drug combination (i.e. otherdrugs being used to treat the patient) and the severity of theparticular disease undergoing therapy.

8-Benzyloxy-quinolines provided herein can also be used as antagonistsof BK B2 receptors in a variety of applications, both in vitro and invivo. BK B2 receptor antagonists according to the present invention maybe used to inhibit the binding of BK B2 receptor ligands (e.g., BK) toBK B2 receptor in vitro or in vivo. This use includes, for example, amethod of inhibiting binding of BK to BK B2 receptor in vitro or invivo, wherein said method comprises contacting BK B2 receptor with atleast one compound or salt according to the invention, e.g. according toany one of [1] to [39], under conditions and in an amount sufficient todetectably inhibit binding of BK or any other substance to BK B2receptor. BK B2 receptor antagonists provided herein are preferablyadministered to a patient (e.g., a human) orally or topically, and arepresent within at least one body fluid or tissue of the patient whilemodulating BK B2 receptor activity.

BK B2 receptor antagonists according to any one of [1] to [24], thepharmaceutical composition, or the combination preparation according tothe present invention are useful as a medicament. In particular, the BKB2 receptor antagonists, the pharmaceutical composition, or thecombination preparation according to the present invention are useful inthe treatment and/or prevention and/or prophylaxis of a condition ordisease that is responsive to BK B2 receptor modulation. The conditionor disease that is responsive to BK B2 receptor modulation may be a skindisorder; eye disease, ear disease; mouth, throat and respiratorydisease; gastrointestinal disease; liver, gallbladder and pancreaticdisease; urinary tract and kidney disease; disease of male genitaleorgans and female genitale organs; disease of the hormone system;metabolic disease; cardiovascular disease; blood disease; lymphaticdisease; disorder of the central nervous system; brain disorder;musculoskeletal system disease; allergy disorder; pain; infectiousdisease; inflammatory disorder; injury; immunology disorder; cancer;hereditary disease; edema or capillary leak syndrome(s). In thefollowing the above indicated diseases and conditions that areresponsive to BK B2 receptor modulation are further specified.

Skin disorders: Within the present application the term “skin disorders”encompasses, but is not limited to, disorders such as skin aging, skinefflorescences including pressure sores, decubital ulcers, irritated,sensitive and dysaesthetic skin, erythema, rash, skin edema, psoriasis,eczema, lichen, bacterial, viral, fungal and parasites induced skininfections including furuncle, abscess, phlegmon, erysipelas,folliculitis and impetigo, lice, scabies and herpes simplex, acne,exanthema, dermatitis including atopic dermatitis, allergic contactdermatitis (Scholzen, T. E.; Luger, T. A. Exp Dermatol. 2004; 13 Suppl4:22-6) neurodermatitis, radiation damage, sunburn, pruritus, itching,urticaria (EP0622361; Frigas, E.; Park, M. Immunol. Allergy Clin. NorthAm. 2006, 26, 739-51; Luquin, E.; Kaplan, A. P.; Ferrer, M. Clin. Exp.Allergy 2005, 35, 456-60; Kaplan, A. P.; Greaves, M. W. J. Am. Acad.Dermatol. 2005, 53, 373-88; quiz 389-92), psoriasis, mycosis, tissueulceration, epidermolysis bullosa, wounds including abnormal woundhealing, burns (Nwariaku, F. E.; Sikes, P. J.; Lightfoot, E.; Mileski,W. J.; Baxter, C. Burns 1996, 22, 324-7; Neely, A. N.; Imwalle, A. R.;Holder, I. A. Burns 1996, 22, 520-3), frostbite, skin inflammation andedema caused by venoms, alopecia, hair squama, corn, wart and panaris.

Eye diseases: Within the present application the term “eye diseases”encompasses, but is not limited to, inflammatory disorders such asscleritis, conjunctivitis, chemosis, iritis, iridocyclitis, uveitis,chorioretinitis, as well as disorders such as retinochoroidalcirculatory disorders, bacterial eye infections, unspecificconjunctivitis and eye irritations, retinopathy of prematurity,proliferative vitreoretinopathy, macular degeneration (including agerelated macular degeneration and including both wet and dry forms),corneal diseases including corneal graft rejection, corneal injury,corneal scarring, corneal ulceration, corneal haze, keratoconus,glaucoma (preferably open angle glaucoma), myopia, ocular hypertension,ocular vessel damage, angiogenesis, eye fibrosis (e.g. anteriorsubcapsular fibrosis, posterior subcapsular opacities, posteriorcapsular opacities, corneal haze after laser surgery, subconjunctivalscarring after glaucoma surgery), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR),bacterial ocular infections including hordeolum and ptilosis.

Ear diseases: Within the present application the term “ear diseases”encompasses, but is not limited to, disorders such as Meniere's disease,inflammation of the middle ear, inflammation of the external auditorycanal and acute hearing loss.

Mouth, throat and respiratory diseases: Within the present applicationthe term “mouth, throat and respiratory diseases” encompasses, but isnot limited to, disorders such as inflammation of the oral mucosa andgums including aphta and stomatitis, parodontitis, epiglottitis,pharyngitis, laryngotracheitis, tonsillitis, common cold, angina,rhinitis including seasonal allergic rhinitis or perennial allergicrhinitis, rhinorrea, sinusitis of whatever type, etiology orpathogenesis or sinusitis that is a member selected from the groupconsisting of purulent or nonpurulent sinusitis, acute and chronicsinusitis and ethmoid, frontal, maxillary or sphenoid sinusitis,expectoration, pneumoconiosis of whatever type or genesis, including forexample aluminosis, anthracosis, asbestosis, chalicosis, siderosis,silicosis, tabacosis and, in particular, byssinosis, bronchitis, cough,trachitis, congestion, pneumonia, eosinophilc lung infiltrate, chroniceosinophilic pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other fibroticlung diseases, treatment related fibrotic lung disease e.g. related toradiation, methotrexate, chemotherapy, amiodarone or nitrofurantoin,sarcoidosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),bronchoconstriction, asthma of whatever type (Akbary, A. M.; Wirth, K.J.; Scholkens, B. A. Immunopharmacology 1996, 33, 238-42; WO 00/75107A2), etiology, or pathogenesis, or asthma that is a member selected fromthe group of atopic asthma, non-atopic asthma, allergic and non-allergicasthma, extrinsic asthma caused by environmental factors, intrinsicasthma caused by pathophysiologic disturbances, bronchial asthma,IgE-mediated asthma, essential asthma and essential asthma of unknown orinapparent cause, true asthma, emphysematous asthma, exercise-inducedasthma, occupational asthma, infective asthma caused by bacterial,fungal, protozoal or viral infection, incipient asthma, wheezy infantsyndrome, bronchial hyperreactivity, chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD), COPD that is characterized by irreversible, progressiveairways obstruction, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) andexacerbation of airways hyperreactivity consequent to other drugtherapy, dyspnea, hyperoxic alveolar injury, pulmonary emphysema,pleurisy, tuberculosis, exposure to high altitude i.e. acute mountainsickness and preferably high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), resistantcough, bronchial hyporeactivity.

Gastrointestinal diseases: Within the present application the term“gastrointestinal diseases” encompasses, but is not limited to,disorders including esophagitis, gastritis, irritable stomach, gastricand duodenal ulcer, ileus, colon irritable, inflammatory bowel diseasesincluding Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, enteritis,hypertensive gastro- and colopathy, colitis, peritonitis, appendicitis,rectitis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by a portal hypertension,collateral circulation or hyperemia, postgastrectomy dumping-syndrome,digestion discomfort, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, worm diseases, abdominalcolic and colic of parts of the gastrointestinal system.

Liver, gallbladder and pancreatic diseases (Cugno, M.; Salerno, F.;Nussberger, J.; Bottasso, B.: Lorenzano, E.: Agostoni, A. Clin. Sci.(Lond) 2001, 101, 651-7; WO 01/56995 A1; EP0797997 B1: Wirth, K. J.:Bickel, M.; Hropot, M.: Gunzler, V.; Heitsch, H.; Ruppert, D.;Scholkens, B. A. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1997, 337, 45-53): Within thepresent application the term “liver and gallbladder diseases”encompasses, but is not limited to, disorders such as hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver, liver fibrosis (e.g. due to viral (HBV/HCV)infections, toxins (alcohol), fatty liver, bile stasis, hypoxia), portalhypertension, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatogenic edema, cholangitis,cholecystitis, acute and chronic pancreatitis, and biliary colic.

Urinary tract and kidney diseases: Within the present application theterm “Urinary tract and kidney diseases” encompasses, but is not limitedto, urinary tract infections such as acute and chronic cystitis,interstitial cystitis (Campbell, D. J. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.2001, 28, 1060-5; Meini, S.; Patacchini, R.; Giuliani, S.; Lazzeri, M.;Turini, D.; Maggi, C. A.; Lecci, A. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2000, 388,177-82; Zuraw, B. L.; Sugimoto, S.; Parsons, C. L.; Hugh, T.; Lotz, M.;Koziol, J. J Urol. 1994, 152, 874-8; Rosamilia, A.; Clements, J. A.;Dwyer, P. L.; Kende, M.; Campbell, D. J. J. Urol. 1999, 162, 129-34),irritable bladder, overactive bladder (WO 2007003411 A2), incontinenceincluding but not limited to stress-, urge and reflex incontinence,benign prostate hyperplasia (Srinivasan, D.; Kosaka, A. H.; Daniels, D.V.; Ford, A. P.; Bhattacharya, A. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004, 504(3):155-67),chronic renal disease, urethritis, inflammatory kidney diseasesincluding glomerulonephritis, glomerular disease of the kidney,interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, diuresis, proteinuria,natriuresis, calciuresis, disorders of water balance, disorders ofelectrolyte balance, disorders of acid-base balance and renal colic,renal fibrosis, chronic renal allograft dysfunction, contrast-inducednephropathy.

Diseases of male genitale organs and female genitale organs: Within thepresent application the term “diseases of male genitale organs andfemale genitale organs” encompasses, but is not limited, to alteredsperm mobility, male infertility, orchitis, prostatitis, prostateenhancement, mastitis, inflammatory pelvis diseases, vaginal infectionsand pain, adnexitis, colpitis, soft ulcus, syphilis, clap and ovarianhyperstimulation syndrome (Ujioka, T.; Matsuura, K.; Tanaka, N.;Okamura, H. Hum Reprod. 1998 November; 13(11):3009-15).

Diseases of the hormone system: Within the present application the term“diseases of the hormone system” encompasses, but is not limited to,menstrual disorders and pain, climacteric disturbance, emesis, prematureuterine contractions, premature labor, endometriosis, endometritis,myoma, pre-eclampsia.

Metabolic diseases: Within the present application the term “metabolicdiseases” encompasses, but is not limited to, disorders such asdiabetes, including non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, diabeticretinopathy, diabetic macular edema (Speicher, M. A.; Danis, R. P.;Criswell, M.; Pratt, L. Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs 2003, 8, 239-50; Gao,B. B.; Clermont, A.; Rook, S.; Fonda, S. J.; Srinivasan, V. J.;Wojtkowski, M.; Fujimoto, J. G.; Avery, R. L.; Arrigg, P. G.; Bursell,S. E.; Aiello, L. P.; Feener, E. P. Nat. Med. 2007, 13, 181-8; Tranos,P. G.; Wickremasinghe, S. S.; Stangos, N. T.; Topouzis, F.; Tsinopoulos,I.; Pavesio, C. E. Surv. Ophthalmol 2004, 49, 470-90), diabeticnephropathy and diabetic neuropathy, insulin resistance and diabeticulceration, diseases of the proteo- and purine metabolism such as goutand disorder of lipometabolism, hypoglycemia.

Cardiovascular diseases: Within the present application the term“cardiovascular diseases” encompasses, but is not limited to, disordersincluding vascular permeability, vasodilation, peripheral circulatorydisorders, arterial circulatory disorders including aortic aneurysm,abdominal aortic aneurysm, brain aortic aneurysm, hypertension andhypotension associated with sepsis, restenosis after percutaneoustransluminal coronary angioplasty, atherosclerosis includingatherosclerotic plaque rupture (Fernando, A. N.; Fernando, L. P.;Fukuda, Y.; Kaplan, A. P. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 July;289(1):H251-7) hemangioma, angiofibroma, venous disorders such asthrombosis, varicosity, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, phlebothrombosis,cardiopathy, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, carcinoidsyndrome, angina pectoris, cardiac dysrhythmias, inflammatory heartdiseases including endocarditis, pericarditis and constrictivepericarditis, myocarditis, myocardial infarct, postmyocardial infarctionsyndrome, left ventricular dilation, post ischemic reperfusion injury,shock and collapse including septic, allergic, post traumatic andhemodynamic shock, amniotic fluid embolism (Robillard, J.; Gauvin, F.;Molinaro, G.; Leduc, L.; Adam, A.; Rivard, G. E. Am J Obstet Gynecol.2005 October; 193(4):1508-12). systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) including SIRS caused by heartlung bypass during surgery, sepsisand internal and external complications during cardiopulmonal bypasssurgery (including but not limited to adverse hemodynamic effectsfollowing protamine sulfate reversal of heparine (Pretorius, M.; Scholl,F. G.; McFarlane, J A.; Murphey, L. J.; Brown, N. J. Clin PharmacolTher. 2005 November; 78(5):477-85).

Blood diseases: Within the present application the term “blood diseases”encompasses, but is not limited to, disorders such as coagulation,disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, hemorrhage, hemorrhagicdiathesis, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipemia, hypovolemic shock,paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.

Lymphatic diseases: Within the present application the tem “Lymphaticdiseases” as used herein encompasses, but is not limited to,splenomegaly, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and hyperplastic adenoids.

Disorders of the central nervous system: Within the present applicationthe term “disorders of the central nervous system” encompasses, but isnot limited to, disorders such as inflammatory diseases of the centralnervous system including encephalitis, meningitis, encephalomyelitis,meningoencephalitis, hydrocephalus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,spinal cord trauma, spinal cord edema, demyelinating diseases of thenervous system, multiple sclerosis, acute and chronic neuro-degenerativedisorders including aging, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease,neuritis, and peripheral neuropathy, depressions, anorexia, anxiety andschizophrenia, sleep disorders.

Brain disorders: Within the present application the term “braindisorders” encompasses, but is not limited to, disorders includingnootropic or cognition enhancement, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, stroke,head and brain trauma, traumatic brain injury (Marmarou, A.; Guy, M.;Murphey, L.; Roy, F.; Layani, L.; Combal, J. P.; Marquer, C.; AmericanBrain Injury Consortium J Neurotrauma 2005 December; 22(12):1444-55),brain tumor, cerebral heat damage, cerebral ischemia, cerebralhemorrhage, post traumatic and post ischemic cerebral edema, generalbrain edema, acute mountain sickness and preferably high altitudecerebral edema (HACE), cytotoxic brain edema, vasogenic brain edema,post-surgical brain edema, brain edema associated with metabolicdiseases, increase of permeability of blood-brain barrier or blood-braintumor barrier.

Musculoskeletal system diseases: Within the present application the term“musculoskeletal system diseases” encompasses, but is not limited to,disorders such as inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders, arthrosis,osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis, chondroporosis after joint trauma orrelatively long immobilization of a joint after meniscus or patellainjuries or torn ligaments, rheumatoid arthritis of whatever type,etiology, or pathogenesis including acute arthritis, acute goutyarthritis, chronic inflammatory arthritis, degenerative arthritis,infectious arthtritis, Lyme arthritis, proliferative arthritis,vertebral arthritis, septic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, chronicpolyarthritis, rheumatism, Sjogren's syndrome, lumbago, spondylitis,spondylarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteomyelitis, sprain,teno-synovitis, inflammation-induced bone resorption, fracture or thelike, osteoporosis, musculoskeletal pain and hardening, spinal disksyndrome.

Allergy disorders: Within the present application the term “allergydisorders” encompasses, but is not limited to, disorders such as generalallergic reactions, food allergy, anaphylactic shock, allergic contacthypersensitivity, allergic skin reactions, allergic asthma, vernalconjunctivitis and seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis (Summers, C.W.; Pumphrey, R. S.; Woods, C. N.; McDowell, G.; Pemberton, P. W.;Arkwright, P. D. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008, 121(3), 632-638)

Pain: Within the present application the term “pain” encompasses, but isnot limited to, centrally and peripherally mediated pain, vascular pain,visceral pain, inflammatory mediated pain, neuralgic pain, referredpain, nociceptive pain, reflectory pain, psychosomatic pain, acute painsuch as caused by acute injury, trauma or surgery of bones, muscle,tissue, soft tissue, organs, pain after insectbites, post-stroke painsyndrome, post-surgery pain, progressive disease related pain, chronicpain such as caused by neuropathic pain conditions (including but notlimited to complex regional pain syndrome (WO00/75107 A2;Yamaguchi-Sase, S.; Hayashi, I.; Okamoto, H.; Nara, Y.; Matsuzaki, S.;Hoka, S.; Majima, M. Inflamm. Res. 2003, 52, 164-9; Petersen, M.;Eckert, A. S.; Segond von Banchet, G.; Heppelmann, B.; Klusch, A.;Kniffki, K. D. Neuroscience 1998, 83, 949-59; Birklein, F.; Schmelz, M.;Schifter, S.; Weber, M. Neurology 2001, 57, 2179-84; Weber, M.;Birklein, F.; Neundorfer, B.; Schmelz, M. Pain 2001, 91, 251-7),causalgia, morbus sudeck, reflex sympathetic dystrophy), diabeticperipheral neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia,cancer-related pain, pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis (Bond, A. P.; Lemon, M.; Dieppe, P. A.; Bhoola, K. D.Immunopharmacology 1997, 36, 209-16; Cassim, B.; Naidoo, S.; Ramsaroop,R.; Bhoola, K. D. Immunopharmacology 1997, 36, 121-5; Calixto, J. B.;Cabrini, D. A.; Ferreira, J.; Campos, M. M. Pain 2000, 87, 1-5;Kaneyama, K.; Segami, N.; Sato, J.; Fujimura, K.; Nagao, T.; Yoshimura,H. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 2007, 65, 242-7), teno-synovitis, gout,menstruation and angina, fibromyalgia, ocular pain, back pain, headache,cluster headache, migraine (Ebersberger, A.; Ringkamp, M.; Reeh, P. W.;Handwerker, H. O. J Neurophysiol. 1997 June; 77(6):3122-33),inflammatory pain, which may be associated with acute inflammation orchronic inflammation. Inflammatory pain includes but is not limited toneuropathic pain, ischemic pain, pain induced by arthritis, muscle paininduced by acute or chronic inflammation, neuralgia caused by acute orchronic inflammation, hyperalgesia. Also chemotherapy-induced peripheralneuropathy, hyperalgesia, opioid-induced hyperalgesia and fever.Furthermore, compounds of the invention are useful as analgesic agentfor use during general and monitored anesthesia.

Infectious diseases: Within the present application the term “infectiousdiseases” encompasses, but is not limited to, diseases including thosemediated by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, protozoa, prions ormycobacterial infections. Particularly, the present invention is usefulfor the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Streptococcus,Escherichia, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Moracella,Haemophilus and Yersinia. Examples of bacterial infections intended tobe within the scope of the present invention include, but are notlimited to diseases such as pestis, sepsis, epidemic typhus, foodpoisoning, tetanus, scarlet red, whooping cough, diphtheria. Examples ofviral infections intended to be within the scope of the presentinvention include, but are not limited to diseases such chickenpox andherpes zoster, AIDS, influenza, small pox, and children diseases such asmeasles, rubella, mumps, acute anterior poliomyelitis. The presentinvention is useful for the treatment of protozoa and parasitesinfections caused by Schistosoma mansoni, Dermatofagoides farinae andPlasmodium inducing Malaria. Examples of prion infections intended to bewithin the scope of the present invention include, but are not limitedto diseases such bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), CreutzfeldtJacob disease and kuru, dengue fever, hemorrhagic fever.

Inflammatory disorders: Within the present application the term“inflammatory disorders” encompasses, but is not limited to, disorderssuch as acute-phase reaction, local and systemic inflammation andinflammation caused by other diseases whatever type, etiology orpathogenesis and caused by those inflammatory diseases specified withinthis application.

Injuries: Within the present application the term “injuries”encompasses, but is not limited to, multiple trauma, head trauma, lunginjuries, external, internal and surgery wounds.

Immunology disorders: Within the present application the term“immunology disorders” encompasses, but is not limited to, disorderssuch as hyperesthesia, autoimmune disorders, graft rejection intransplantation, transplant toxicity, granulomatous inflammation/tissueremodelling, myasthenia gravis, immunosuppression, immune-complexdiseases, over- and underproduction of antibodies, vasculitis, delayedgraft function, lupus.

Cancers: Within the present application the term “cancers” encompasses,but is not limited to, disorders such as solid tumor cancer includingbreast cancer, lung cancer (non-small-cell lung cancer and small-celllung cancer), prostate cancer, cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx(lip, tongue, mouth, pharynx), esophagus, stomach, small intestine,large intestine, colon, rectum, gallbladder and biliary passages,pancreas, larynx, lung, bone, osteosarcoma, connective tissue, skincancer including Kaposi's syndrome, melanoma and skin metastasis,epidermoid cancer, basal cell carcinoma, cervix uteri, corpusendometrium, cancer of ovary, testis, bladder, ureter and urethra,kidney, eye, brain and central nervous system, pseudotumor cerebri,sarcoma, sarcoid, thyroid and other endocrine glands (including but notlimited to carcinoid tumors), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodkin's lymphomas,multiple myeloma, hematopoetic malignancies including leukemias andlymphomas including lymphocytic, granulocytic and monocytic lymphomas,tumor invasion, metastasis, ascites, tumor growth and angiogenesis.

Hereditary diseases: Within the present application the term “hereditarydiseases” encompasses, but is not limited to, disorders such ashereditary angioedema (Davis, A. E. et al., 3rd Transfus. Apher. Sci.2003, 29, 195-203; Zuraw, B. L. Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am. 2006,26, 691-708; Bas, M. et al. Allergy 2006, 61, 1490-2) and angioneuroticedema, chondrocalcinosis, Huntington's disease, mucoviscidosis.

Edema: Within the present application the term “edema” encompasses, butis not limited to, general edema and edema caused by inflammation,Factor XII deficiency-induced edema, other drugs, e.g. drug inducedangioedema, including but not limited to angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibitor-induced angioedema (Mathelier-Fusade, P. Clin. Rev. AllergyImmunol. 2006, 30, 19-23; Finley, C. J. et al. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 1992,10, 550-2; Bielory, L. et al. Allergy Proc. 1992, 13, 85-7), infection,burns, injuries, trauma, frostbite, surgery, distorsions, fractures,exposure to high altitude (e.g. high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) andhigh altitude cerebral edema (HACE)), hereditary, autoimmune and otherdiseases and disorders, particularly but not limited to those disordersspecified in this application, stress-induced edema (pronouncedswelling) of gut.

Capillary leak syndrome(s): Within the present application the term“capillary leak syndrome(s)” encompasses, but is not limited to,systemic capillary leak syndrome in sepsis (Marx, G. Eur J Anaesthesiol.2003 20(6):429-42; Traber, D. L. Crit Care Med. 2000, 28(3):882-3), burn(Jonkam, C. C.; Enkhbaatar, P.; Nakano, Y.; Boehm, T.; Wang, J.;Nussberger, J. Esechie, A.; Traber, L. D.; Herndon, D.; Traber, D. L.Shock. 2007 December; 28(6):704-9), allergy, drug/toxin-inducedconditions, organ transplantation and IL-2 cytokine therapy.

The compound according to the present invention can also be used as orfor the manufacture of a diagnostic agent. Such a diagnostic agent isparticularly useful in the diagnosis of the diseases and conditionsdisclosed herein, which can be addressed by the compound of the presentinvention for therapeutic and or prophylactic purposes. The compoundaccording to the present invention has also utility in specificmethodology and diagnostics as disclosed herein below.

Methodology and diagnostics: Compounds of the invention can be labelledby isotopes, fluorescence or luminescence markers, antibodies orantibody fragments, any other affinity label like nanobodies, aptamers,peptides etc., enzymes or enzyme substrates. These labelled compounds ofthis invention are useful for mapping the location of bradykininreceptors in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro and in situ (e.g. in tissuesections via autoradiography) and as radiotracers for positron emissiontomography (PET) imaging, single photon emission computerized tomography(SPECT) and the like to characterize those receptors in living subjectsor other materials.

The present invention also pertains to methods for altering thesignal-transducing activity of bradykinin receptors in vitro and invivo. For instance, compounds of the present invention and labelledderivatives thereof can be used as standard and reagent in determiningthe ability of a potential pharmaceutical to bind to the BK B2 receptor.

The present invention also provides methods for localizing or detectinga BK B2 receptor in a tissue, preferably a tissue section, which methodsinvolve contacting the tissue sample containing BK B2 receptor with adetectably labelled compound according to the present invention underconditions that permit binding of the compound to the BK B2 receptor anddetecting the bound compound. Such methods and their respectiveconditions are known to those skilled in the art and include, forexample, the binding assay disclosed in Example 12.

The present invention further provides a method for treating a patientsuffering from a condition or disease responsive to BK B2 receptormodulation as mentioned above. The method for the treatment of a subjectwhich is in need of such treatment comprises the administration of acompound according to the invention, e.g. according to any of [1] to[24], a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceuticalcomposition as disclosed herein, or a combination preparation asdisclosed herein. As used herein, the term “treatment” encompasses bothdisease-modifying treatment and symptomatic treatment, either of whichmay be prophylactic (i.e., before the onset of symptoms, in order toprevent, delay or reduce the severity of symptoms) or therapeutic (i.e.,after the onset of symptoms, in order to reduce the severity and/orduration of symptoms). A condition is “responsive to BK B2 receptormodulation” if modulation of BK B2 receptor activity results inalleviation of the condition or a symptom thereof. Patients may includebut are not limited to primates (especially humans), domesticatedcompanion animals (such as dogs, cats, horses) and livestock (such ascattle, pigs, sheep), with dosages as described herein.

The compounds of general formula (I) according to the present inventionhave improved properties when compared to BK B2 receptor antagonistsknown in the state of the art, especially, one or more improvedpharmacokinetic and/or physiochemical properties, including, forexample, bioavailability, metabolic stability, improvedactivity/selectivity, low toxicity, and low drug drug interaction.Accordingly, the compound (or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof),the pharmaceutical composition, or the combination preparation disclosedherein can be used as medicament. For instance, the compound (orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), the pharmaceuticalcomposition, or the combination preparation disclosed herein can be usedin the treatment and/or prevention of a condition responsive to BK B2receptor modulation, including, for example, the conditions listedabove.

The present invention is now further illustrated by the followingexamples from which further features, embodiments and advantages of thepresent invention may be taken. However, the invention should not beconstrued to be limited to the examples, but encompasses thesubject-matter defined in the claims.

EXAMPLES

Abbreviations used in the following examples are as follows:

ACN is acetonitrile

BuLi is n-butyllithium

conc. is concentrated

DCM is dichloromethane

DIPEA is ethyl-diisopropyl-amine

DMF is dimethylformamide

EA is ethyl acetate

HPLC is high performance liquid chromatography

MeOH is methanol

NBS is N-bromosuccinimide

NMP is N-methylpyrrolidone

PyAOP is 7-azabenzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphoniumhexafluorophosphate

PyBOP is (benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphoniumhexafluorophosphate

RT is room temperature

THF is tetrahydrofurane

TLC is thin layer chromatography

TFA is trifluoroacetic acid

sat. is saturated

Specific examples for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) areprovided in the following examples. Unless otherwise specified allstarting materials and reagents are of standard commercial grade, andare used without further purification, or are readily prepared from suchmaterials by routine methods. Those skilled in the art of organicsynthesis will recognize that starting materials and reaction conditionsmay be varied including additional steps employed to produce compoundsencompassed by the present invention.

Example 1: Preparation of Compound No. 1

(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideStep A. Synthesis of methyl 3-amino-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzoate

Methyl 5-fluoro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate [Gillmore, A. T. et al. Org.Process Res. Dev. 2012, 16, 1897-1904] (4.69 g, 22 mmol) was dissolvedin MeOH (100 mL) and palladium on activated charcoal—10% Pd (200 mg) wasadded. The solution was flushed and evacuated three times with nitrogenbefore it was flushed with hydrogen. The reaction mixture was vigorouslystirred under 1 atm of hydrogen. After completion of the reaction asindicated by TLC (21 h) the solution was filtered over silica gel. Thefilter cake was washed with methanol (5×20 mL). The filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified byflash chromatography to yield the title compound. MS (m/z): 184.0[M+H⁺].

Step B. Synthesis of methyl 3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzoate

NaNO₂ (1.68 g, 24.4 mmol) was added to a solution of methyl3-amino-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzoate (4.00 g, 18.8 mmol) inhalf-concentrated aqueous HCl (400 mL) at 0° C. After stirring for 5 minat 0° C., CuCl (3.72 g, 37.5 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture.After stirring for 2 h at 0° C., the reaction mixture was extracted withDCM (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed withconcentrated aqueous NaHCO₃-solution (1×), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel (elution with DCM/heptane) to give thetitle compound.

Step C. Synthesis of methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-3-chloro-5-fluorobenzoate

Benzoyl peroxide (26 mg, 0.11 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (210 mg, 1.18mmol) were added to a stirred solution of methyl3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzoate (200 mg, 0.99 mmol) in benzene (7.0mL). After stirring at reflux for 1.5 h, the reaction mixture wasdiluted with EA (20 mL) and washed with 10% aqueous Na₂S203 (1×5 mL)solution. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo to give the title compound.

Step D. Synthesis of methyl3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzoate

Cs₂CO₃ (617 mg, 3.20 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of2-(bromomethyl)-3-chloro-5-fluorobenzoate (300 mg, 1.07 mmol) and4-methoxyphenol (172 mg, 1.39 mmol) in ACN (7.0 mL). After stirringovernight at RT, the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 342.1[M+NH₄ ⁺].

Step E. Synthesis of3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzoic acid

A solution of LiOH (2.37 g, 57 mmol) in water (50 mL) was added to astirred solution of methyl3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzoate (9.16 g, 28 mmol)in dioxane (100 mL) at 0° C. After stirring for 2 h at RT the reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo and the pH value adjusted to 1-2 bythe addition of conc. aqueous HCl. The mixture was extracted with DCM(3×100 mL)), the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound.

Step F. Synthesis of1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanone

A solution of methyllithium (1.6 M, 30.2 mL) in diethylether was addeddropwise to a solution of3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzoic acid (5.00 g, 16mmol) in anhydrous diethylether (110 mL) at 0° C. After stirring for 30min at 0° C., the reaction was quenched by the addition of sat. aqueousNH₄Cl (15 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (15mL), the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extractedwith diethylether (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified byflash chromatography on silica gel (elution with EA/heptane) to give thetitle compound.

Step G. Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Titan(IV)ethoxide (2.53 mL, 12.05 mmol) was added dropwise under anArgon atmosphere to a solution of1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanone (1.24g, 4.02 mmol) and (R)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (535.5 mg, 4.42mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL). The mixture was heated under refluxuntil complete conversion (TLC). Subsequently, the mixture was cooled to0° C. and L-Selectride (1 M solution, 12.05 mL, 12.05 mmol) was addeddropwise. The mixture was stirred at this temperature until completeconversion (TLC). Subsequently, methanol (˜10 mL) was added untilevolution of gas stopped. The solution was poured into sat. aqueous NaClsolution (30 mL). Then, the mixture was filtrated over a pad of Celiteand carefully rinsed with DCM. The filtrate was washed with sat. aqueousNaCl solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The combinedorganic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated, and evaporated todryness. The remaining residue was purified by flash chromatography onsilica gel (elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS(m/z): 458.2 [M+HCO₂ ⁻].

Step H. Synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine

A solution of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(2.19 g, 5.29 mmol) in 3 M methanolic HCl (3.53 mL, 10.6 mmol) wasstirred at room temperature until complete conversion (TLC). Thesolution was concentrated in vacuo. The remaining residue was dissolvedin DCM (5 mL) and washed with sat. aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (6 mL) andwater (6 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 354.4[M+HCO₂ ⁻].

Step I. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

Phthalic anhydride (862 mg, 5.82 mmol) was added to a solution of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(1.64 g, 5.26 mmol) in DCM (20 mL). The mixture was stirred for 15 minand then concentrated in vacuo. The remaining residue was heated inabout 10 min to 175° C. in an open vessel. After 45 min at thistemperature the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature andpurified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with heptane/EA)to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 484.3 [M+HCO₂ ⁻].

Step J. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

A solution of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (3.36 g, 6.12 mmol) in H₂O (4mL) was added to a stirred solution(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(1.07 g, 2.45 mmol) in ACN (20 mL) at 0° C. After stirring for 5 h at 0°C., the reaction was quenched by the addition of brine (20 mL) and H₂O(5 mL). The mixture was extracted with EA (3×100 mL), the combinedorganic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound.

Step K. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

SOCl₂ (288 μL, 3.96 mmol) and water (4 μL) were added to a stirredsolution of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(662 mg, 1.98 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at RT. The solution was stirred untilcomplete conversion (TLC). Then, the solvent was removed in vacuo andthe residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elutionwith EA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 396.1 [M+HCO₂ ⁻].

Step L. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

Cs₂CO₃ (1.94 g, 5.95 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(698 mg, 1.98 mmol) and4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol (482 mg, 1.98 mmol)in ACN (20 mL). After stirring overnight at RT, the reaction mixture wasfiltered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel (elution with EA/heptane) to give the titlecompound. MS (m/z): 559.3 [M+H⁺].

Step M. Synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine

Hydrazine hydrate (371 μL) was added to a solution of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(1.07 g, 1.91 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL). After stirring for 2 h at 85° C.,the reaction mixture was cooled to RT and filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flashchromatography (elution with DCM/MeOH/conc. aqueous NH₃) to yield thetitle compound. MS (m/z): 429.4 [M+H⁺].

Step N. Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamide

PyAOP (90.7 mg, 174 μmol) and DIPEA (29.4 mg, 227 μmol) weresubsequently added to a stirred solution of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(55.1 mg, 137 μmol) and (R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (13.9 mg, 154 μmol)in DMF (4.5 mL) at 0° C. After stirring for 2 h at RT, the reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the remaining residueby reverse phase HPLC afforded the title compound. MS (m/z): 501.2[M+H⁺].

Step O. Synthesis4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline

K₂CO₃ (4.99 g, 36.1 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of4-chloro-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline (5.00 g, 24.0 mmol) and4-fluoro-1H-pyrazole (3.85 g, 28.8 mmol) in anhydrous NMP (12 mL). Afterstirring for 48 h at 140° C. the reaction mixture was cooled to RT andfiltered. The residue was rinsed with DMF (13 mL). Then water (90 mL)was then added to the combined filtrates. The precipitate was filteredoff and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution withDCM/methanol) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 258.0 [M+H⁺].

Step P. Synthesis of 4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol

A solution of 4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline(5.51 g, 21.4 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (37.8 mL) was warmed to 80° C.and added dropwise to a vigorously stirred mixture of AlCl₃ (8.58 g,64.3 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (32.4 mL). After stirring for 8 h at 80°C. the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched by the additionof water (106 mL) and conc. aqueous NH₃ (27 mL). After stirringovernight at RT, the mixture was centrifuged. The supernatant wasextracted with EA (3×200 mL) and the combined organic layers were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution withDCM/methanol) to give the title compound.

Example 2: Preparation of Compound No. 2

(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxy-N-methylpropanamideStep A. Synthesis of(2S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)propanamide

(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(100 mg, 323 μmol) was reacted with(2S)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)propanoic acid [Garner P. et al. J.Org. Chem. (2002), 67(17), 6195-6209] (84.3 mg, 484 μmol) according tothe synthesis ofN-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide.The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 488.5[M+Na].

Step B. Synthesis of(2S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-N-methyl-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)propanamide

(2S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)propanamide(50 mg, 107 μmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (ca. 5 ml/mmol). Underan argon atmosphere sodium hydride [60% in paraffin] (4.7 mg, 118 μmol)was added and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. Then, iodomethane(33.3 μl, 535 μmol) was added and stirring was continued until fullconversion (TLC). Water was added and extraction with EA was performedseveral times. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crudeproduct was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution withEA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 502.3 [M+Na].

Step C. Synthesis of(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxy-N-methylpropanamide

(2S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-N-methyl-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)propanamide(41.0 mg, 85 μmol) was reacted with ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (117.1mg, 214 μmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione.The crude product was dissolved in methanol, 3 M methanolic HCl-solutionwas added and stirring at RT was continued until complete reaction(TLC). Evaporation under reduced pressure gave the title compound. MS(m/z): 312.4 [M+Na].

Step D. Synthesis of(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxy-N-methylpropanamide

(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxy-N-methylpropanamide(13.70 mg, 47 μmol) was reacted with SOCl₂ (6.82 μl, 11.18 mg, 156 μmol)according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 330.4 [M+Na].

Step E. Synthesis of(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxy-N-methylpropanamide

(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxy-N-methylpropanamide(14.6 mg, 47 μmol) was reacted with4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol (12 mg, 47 μmol)according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 515.5 [M+H⁺].

Example 3: Preparation of Compound No. 3

(R)-3-amino-N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideStep A. Synthesis of (R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-hydroxypropanoicacid

K₂CO₃ (107. mg, 0.78 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (107 mg, 1.27 mmol) were added toa mixtures of (R)-3-amino-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (668 mg, 6.36 mmol) indioxane and water (3:1, v/v, 10 mL). Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (998 mg,6.99 mmol) was added and stirring was continued over night at RT. Then,the mixture was acidified to pH 2 using 1 M HCl. Subsequently, themixture was extracted several times with EA. The combined organic layerswere dried with Na₂SO₄, filtrated, and concentrated in vacuo to give thetitle compound. MS (m/z): 206.2 [M+H⁺].

Step B. Synthesis of tert-butyl(R)-3-((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropylcarbamate

(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(25 mg, 0.06 mmol) was reacted with(R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (18.0 mg, 0.09mmol) according to the synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideto give the title compound. The crude product was used without furtherpurification.

Step C. Synthesis of(R)-3-amino-N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamide

Crude tert-butyl(R)-3-((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropylcarbamatewas dissolved in DCM (1.5 mL) and TFA (200 μL) was added. The mixturewas stirred for 1 h. Then, the mixture was diluted with toluene (1.5 mL)and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by reverse phaseHPLC afforded the title compound. MS (m/z): 516.5 [M+H⁺].

Example 4: Preparation of Compound No. 4

(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanamideStep A. Synthesisof(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxamide

(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(25.0 mg, 0.06 mmol) was reacted with(S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic acid (12.8 mg, 0.09 mmol)according to the synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideto give the crude title compound. The crude product was used withoutfurther purification.

Step B. Synthesis of(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2,3-dihydroxypropanamide

Crude(S)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxamidewas dissolved in MeOH (1.0 mL) and concentrated HCl (5 drops) was added.The mixture was stirred for 20 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated invacuo. Purification of the residue by reverse phase HPLC afforded thetitle compound. MS (m/z): 517.1 [M+H⁺].

Example 5: Preparation of Compound No. 5

(S)—N—((R)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamideStep A. Synthesis of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2-methylaniline

1-Bromo-5-fluoro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzene (3.04 mL, 22.0 mmol) wasdissolved in a 4:1 mixture of dioxan and water (110 mL). The solutionwas cooled to 0° C. and Zn dust (14.4 g, 220 mmol) and NH₄Cl (11.8 g.220 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h.After complete conversion, the mixture was filtered over a pad ofCelite. It was carefully rinsed with EA and the filtrate was washed withwater. The organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to give the title compound.

Step B. Synthesis of 1-bromo-3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzene

NaNO₂ (1.93 g, 28.0 mmol) was added to a solution of3-bromo-5-fluoro-2-methylaniline (4.40 g, 21.6 mmol) in acetic acid (100mL) and half-concentrated aqueous HCl (400 mL) at 0° C. After stirringfor 5 min at 0° C., CuCl (3.72 g, 37.5 mmol) was added to the reactionmixture. After stirring for 2 h at 0° C., the reaction mixture waswarmed to RT and stirring was continued for additional 3 h.Subsequently, the mixture was extracted with Et₂O. The combined organiclayers were washed with concentrated aqueous NaHCO₃-solution (1×), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo (bath temperature max.30° C., vacuum>150 mbar) to give the title compound.

Step C. Synthesis of 1-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-3-chloro-5-fluorobenzene

NBS (4.61 g, 25.9 mmol) and AIBN (531 mg, 3.23 mmol) were added to astirred solution of 1-bromo-3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzene (5.43 g,21.6 mmol) in ACN (150 mL). After stirring for 8 h at reflux the mixturewas concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel (elution with heptane/EA) to give the titlecompound.

Step D. Synthesis of1-bromo-3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzene

Cs₂CO₃ (14.5 g, 44.5 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of1-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-3-chloro-5-fluorobenzene (4.48 g, 14.8 mmol) and4-methoxyphenol (2.39 g, 19.3 mmol) in ACN (250 mL). After stirringovernight at RT, the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated invacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM and washed with water (1×). Theorganic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound.

Step E. Synthesis of(R)—N—((R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

AlMe₃ (2 M in toluene, 741 μL, 1.48 mmol) was added to a solution of(R,E)-N-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(325 mg, 1.17 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) at −78° C. Then, in asecond vial, BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 544 μL, 1.36 mmol) was added to asolution of1-bromo-3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzene (427 mg,1.24 mmol) in dry toluene at −78° C. The solution was stirred for 15 minat this temperature. The1-bromo-3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzene-containingsolution was slowly added to the(R,E)-N-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide-containingsolution at −78° C. The mixture was stirred for 22 h and allowed toreach RT. After complete conversion the reaction mixture was quenchedwith saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution. The mixture was extracted with EAand the combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel (elution with EA/heptane) to yield thetitle compound. MS (m/z): 544.6 [M+H⁺].

Step F. Synthesis of(R)-2-amino-2-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanol

(R)—N—((R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(149 mg, 0.27 mmol) was reacted with 3 M methanolic HCl (274 μL, 0.82mmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 370.3 [M+HCO₂ ⁻].

Step G. Synthesis of(S)—N—((R)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamide

PyBOP (279 mg, 0.53 mmol) and DIPEA (114 μL mg, 0.67 mmol) weresubsequently added to a stirred solution of(R)-2-amino-2-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanol(87.0 mg, 0.27 mmol) and (S)-(+)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid (47.3mg, 0.40 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) at 0° C. After stirring for 16 h at RT, thereaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolvedin saturated methanolic ammonia solution, stirred at RT for 3 h andconcentrated in vacuo. Purification of the remaining residue by flashchromatography on silica gel (elution with EA/heptane) afforded thetitle compound. MS (m/z): 426.4 [M+H⁺].

Step H. Synthesis of(S)-1-((R)-2-(benzoyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylbenzoate

Pyridine (300 μL) and benzoyl chloride (89.3 μL, 0.77 mmol) weresubsequently added to a stirred solution of(S)—N—((R)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamide(131 mg, 0.31 mmol) in DCM (1 mL). After stirring for 23 h at RT, thereaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The remaining residue wasre-dissolved in toluene (2 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. The crudeproduct was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution withEA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 634.3 [M+H⁺].

Step I. Synthesis of(S)-1-((R)-2-(benzoyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylbenzoate

(S)-1-((R)-2-(benzoyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylbenzoate (141 mg, 0.22 mmol) in ACN (2 mL) was reacted with ammoniumcerium(IV) nitrate (304 mg. 0.56 mmol) in water (400 μL) according tothe synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione.The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 528.5[M+H⁺].

Step J. Synthesis of(S)-1-((R)-2-(benzoyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylbenzoate

(S)-1-((R)-2-(benzoyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylbenzoate (48.3 mg, 0.09 mmol) was reacted with SOCl₂ (13.3 μL, 0.18mmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 546.6 [M+H⁺].

Step K. Synthesis of(S)-1-((R)-2-(benzoyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylbenzoate

Cs₂CO₃ (89.4 mg, 0.28 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of(S)-1-((R)-2-(benzoyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylbenzoate (46.8 mg, 0.09 mmol) and4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol (24.5 mg, 0.10 mmol)in dry ACN (1 mL). After stirring over night, water (3 mL) was added andthe mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layers werewashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 753.4[M+H⁺].

Step L. Synthesis of(S)—N—((R)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamide

A solution of(S)-1-((R)-2-(benzoyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylbenzoate (46.2 mg, 0.06 mmol) in concentrated methanolic ammonia wasstirred over night at RT. After complete conversion (TLC), the reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue byreverse phase HPLC afforded the title compound. MS (m/z): 545.2 [M+H⁺].

Step M. Synthesis of(R,E)-N-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

A solution of titan(IV)ethoxide (363 μL, 1.73 mmol),(R)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (210 mg, 1.73 mmol) and(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)acetaldehyde (300 μL, 1.58 mmol) in dry DCM(15 mL) under an atmosphere of Nitrogen was stirred at RT for 22 h.After complete conversion (TLC) the reaction was quenched with water (15mL) and filtered over a pad of celite. Subsequently, the filter wascarefully rinsed with DCM (2×15 mL). The aqueous phase was extractedwith DCM (10 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound.

Example 6: Preparation of Compound No. 6

(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamideStep A. Synthesis of8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinoline

4-Chloro-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline (5.00 g, 24.15 mmol),1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole (42.74 mL, 48.30 mmol), K₂CO₃ (6.67 g, 48.30mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.54 g, 2.41 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphinetetrafluoroborate (1.87 g, 5.07 mmol), and trimethylacetic acid (2.47 g,24.15 mmol) were suspended in dry xylene (20 mL). The flask wasevacuated and subsequently ventilated with nitrogen. The degassingprocedure was repeated twice. The mixture was heated to 140° C. for 18h. After complete conversion, the mixture was evaporated and purified byflash chromatography on silica gel (elution with DCM/methanol) to givethe title compound. MS (m/z): 255.4 [M+H⁺].

Step B. Synthesis of2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-ol

A solution of8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinoline (3.14 g,12.35 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (25 mL) was warmed to 80° C. and addeddropwise to a vigorously stirred mixture of AlCl₃ (4.94 g, 37.06 mmol)in anhydrous toluene (25 mL). After stirring for 8 h at 80° C. thereaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched by the addition ofwater (68 mL) and subsequently conc. aqueous NH₃ until pH 10 (˜1.7 mL).The mixture was centrifuged. The supernatant was extracted with EA andthe combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatographyon silica gel (elution with DCM/methanol) to give the title compound. MS(m/z): 239.2 [M−H⁺].

Step C. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(34.3 mg, 97 μmol) was reacted with2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-ol (23.4 mg, 97μmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 556.3 [M−H⁺].

Step D. Synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine

(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(45.5 mg, 82 μmol) was deprotected according to the synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 448.3 [M+Na⁺].

Step E. Synthesis of(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(28.9 mg, 68 μmol) and 2-(difluoromethoxy)acetic acid (11.1 mg, 88 μmol)was reacted according to the synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 535.0 [M+H⁺].

Example 7: Preparation of Compound No. 7

(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamideStep A. Synthesis of(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)methanol

LiBH₄ (200 mg, 9.3 mmol) was added in several portions to a stirredsolution of methyl3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzoate (347 mg, 0.81mmol) in THF (8.9 mL) and MeOH (2 mL) at RT over a period of 3 h. Afterstirring for 1 h at RT, the reaction mixture was partitioned between DCM(20 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM(2×15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel (elution with EA/heptane) to give the titlecompound.

Step B. Synthesis of3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzaldehyde

(3-Chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)methanol (1.70 g,5.73 mmol) was dissolved in a 1:1-mixture of dioxane and toluene (70 mL)and manganese(IV) oxide (9.96 g, 114.59 mmol) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at RT until complete reaction (TLC). Afterfiltration over Celite, the filtrate was evaporated under reducedpressure to give the title compound.

Step C. Synthesis of(R,E)-N-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Under an atmosphere of argon3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzaldehyde (317 mg, 1.08mmol) and (R)-^(t)Bu-sulfinylamide (143 μL, 1.18 mmol) were dissolved inanhydrous THF (5 mL). Subsequently, Titan(IV)ethoxide (676.5 mL, 3.23mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 65° C.over night. After completion of the reaction the reaction mixture wasquenched with water. The aqueous layer was extracted 3× with DCM. Thecombined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporatedto dryness under reduced pressure to give the title compound. MS (m/z):420.1 [M+Na].

Step D. Synthesis of(R)—N—((R)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)propyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamideand(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)propyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

(R,E)-N-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(352.0 mg, 884.67 μmol) was dissolved in THF (20 mL). A 1 M solution ofethylmagnesium bromide in THF (2.21 mL, 2.21 mmol) was added dropwise.The reaction mixture was stirred at RT over night. Ice was addedcautiously before dilution with sat. aqueous NH₄Cl-solution. The aqueousphase was extracted 3× with DCM. The combined organic layers were driedover Na₂SO₄ and, after filtration, evaporated to dryness under reducedpressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography onsilica gel (elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compounds.R-isomer: MS (m/z): 428.3 [M+H⁺] and S-isomer: MS (m/z): 428.0 [M+H⁺].

Step E. Synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)propan-1-amine

(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)propyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(182 mg, 425 μmol) was reacted with 3M methanolic HCl solution accordingto the synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 324.1 [M+H⁺].

Step F. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)propan-1-amine(95.4 mg, 295 μmol) was reacted with phthalic anhydride (48 mg, 324μmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 454.6 [M+H⁺].

Step G. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(102 mg, 225 μmol) was reacted with ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (308 mg,562 μmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 370.3 [M+Na].

Step H. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(52.9 mg, 152 μmol) was reacted with SOCl₂ (22.06 μL, 304 μmol)according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 388.3 [M+Na].

Step I. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(53.3 mg, 146 μmol) was reacted with4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol (35.4 mg, 146 μmol)according to the synthesis of methyl(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 573.4 [M+H⁺].

Step J. Synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)propan-1-amine

(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(80.8 mg, 141 μmol) was reacted with hydrazine hydrate (27.5 μL, 282μmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 444.1 [M+H⁺].

Step K. Synthesis of(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)propyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide

(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)propan-1-amine(18 mg, 41 μmol) was reacted with alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid (4.9 mg,47 μmol) according to the synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 529.6 [M+H⁺].

Example 8: Preparation of Compound No. 8

(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideStep A. Synthesis of4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline

A mixture of 4-hydrazinyl-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline (100 mg, 0.493mmol) and 3-fluoro-4,4-dimethoxybutan-2-one (110 mg, 0.739 mmol)[Funabiki, K. et al J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1997, 18, 2679-2680]in 5 M aqueous HCl (5.3 mL) was stirred at 90° C. for 1.5 h. Thereaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between sat.aqueous NaHCO₃ (3 mL) and DCM (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith DCM (2×5 mL), the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel (elution with MeOH/DCM) to give the titlecompound. MS (m/z): 272.0 [M+H⁺].

Step B. Synthesis of4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol

4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline (118mg, 0.436 mmol) was demethylated according to the synthesis of4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol to give the titlecompound. MS (m/z): 258.1 [M+H⁺].

Step C. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol (21.0 mg, 82μmol) was reacted with(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(28.8 mg, 82 μmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 573.1 [M+H⁺].

Step D. Synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine

(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(31.1 mg, 54 μmol) was deprotected according to the synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 465.4 [M+Na⁺].

Step E. Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamide

(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(20.5 mg, 46 μmol) was coupled with (R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (4.8 mg,53 μmol) according to the synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 515.9 [M+H⁺].

Example 9: Preparation of Compound No. 9 and Compound No. 10

(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(9) and(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(10) Step A. Synthesis of8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinoline and8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinoline4-chloro-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline

(100 mg, 0.481 mmol) was reacted with 3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole (46.0,0.554 mmol) according to the synthesis of4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline to give amixture of the title compounds. MS (m/z): 255.3 [M+H⁺].

Step B. Synthesis of2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-ol and2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-ol

A mixture of8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinoline and8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinoline (153 mg,0.602 mmol) was demethylated according to the synthesis of4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol to give a mixture ofthe title compounds. MS (m/z): 241.1 [M+H⁺].

Step C. Synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneand(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

A mixture of 2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-oland 2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-ol (48.3 mg,0.201 mmol) was reacted with(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(70.7 mg, 0.201 mmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give a mixture of the title compounds. MS (m/z): 556.4 [M+H⁺].

Step D. Synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineand(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine

A mixture of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneand(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione(111 mg, 201 μmol) was deprotected according to the synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineto give the title compounds. MS (m/z): 448.3 [M+Na⁺].

Step E. Synthesis of(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamideand(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

A mixture of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineand(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(19 mg, 43 μmol) was reacted with 2-(difluoromethoxy)acetic acid (7.2mg, 56 μmol) according to the synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideand purified by HPLC to yield(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(MS (m/z): 534.2 [M+H⁺]) and(S)—N-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(MS (m/z): 534.0 [M+H⁺])

Example 10: Preparation of Compound No. 11

(S)—N-(1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamideStep A. Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

Preparation of deutero-L-Selectride solution: Anhydrous MeOH (0.591 mL,14.6 mmol) was added to a stirred suspension of LiAlD₄ (203 mg, 4.86mmol) at 0° C. within 10 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to reachRT and tri-sec-butylborane solution (1 M in THF, 3.6 mL, 3.6 mmol) wasthen added. The deutero-L-selectride solution was used after stirringfor 15 min at RT.

Titan(IV)ethoxide (1.02 mL, 4.86 mmol) was added dropwise under an Argonatmosphere to a solution of1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanone (0.500g, 1.62 mmol) and (R)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (216 mg, 1.78mmol) in anhydrous THF (1.7 mL). The mixture was heated under refluxuntil complete conversion (TLC). Subsequently, the mixture was cooled to0° C. and the deutero-L-Selectride solution was added dropwise. Themixture was stirred at this temperature until complete conversion (TLC).Subsequently, methanol (˜10 mL) was added until evolution of gasstopped. The solution was poured into sat. aqueous NaCl solution (5 mL).Then, the mixture was filtrated over a pad of Celite and carefullyrinsed with DCM. The filtrate was washed with sat. aqueous NaClsolution. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM. The combined organiclayers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated, and evaporated to dryness. Theremaining residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 415.3[M+H⁺].

Step B. Synthesis of(S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine

(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(323 mg, 779 μmol) was hydrolyzed according to the synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 311.7 [M+H⁺].

Step C. Synthesis of(S)—N-(1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

(S)-1-Deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(50.0 mg, 161 μmol) was coupled with 2-(difluoromethoxy)acetic acid(26.4 mg, 209 μmol) according to the synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 419.2 [M+H⁺].

Step D. Synthesis of(S)—N-(1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

(S)—N-(1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(38 mg, 91 μmol) was deprotected according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 312.7 [M+H⁺].

Step E. Synthesis of(S)—N-(1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

(S)—N-(1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(19 mg, 61 μmol) was chlorinated according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 330.7 [M+H⁺].

Step F. Synthesis of(S)—N-(1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

(S)—N-(1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(20 mg, 57 μmol) was reacted with2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-ol (14 mg, 57μmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 535.4 [M+H⁺].

Example 10A: Preparation of Compound No. 11A

N-[(1S)-1-[3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-({[2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl](1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamideStep A: (S)—N-[(1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethylidene]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

(1,2,2,2-²H₄)Acetaldehyde (1.00 g, 15.6 mmol was reacted with(S)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (2.07 g, 17.1 mmol) according to thesynthesis of(R,E)-N-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamideto give the title compound.

Step B: Synthesis of(S)—N-[(1S)-1-{3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}(1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

1-Bromo-3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzene (272.0 mg,0.79 mmol) was reacted with(S)—N-[(1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethylidene]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (113 mg,0.75 mmol) according to the synthesis of(R)—N—((R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamideto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 440.5 [M+Na⁺]

Step C: Synthesis of(1S)-1-{3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}(²H₄)ethan-1-amine

(S)—N-[(1S)-1-{3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}(1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(86.5 mg, 0.21 mmol) dissolved in methanol (1 mL) was reacted with 3 Mmethanolic HCl (207 μL, 0.62 mmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamineto yield the title compound. MS (m/z): 314.9 [M+H⁺]

Step D: Synthesis ofN-[(1S)-1-{3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}(1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

The reaction of(1S)-1-{3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}(²H₄)ethan-1-amine(32 mg. 0.10 mmol) with 2-(difluoromethoxy)acetic acid (14 mg, 0.11mmol), PyAOP (70 mg, 0.13 mmol), and DIPEA (21 μL, 0.18 mmol) accordingto the synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideyielded the crude title compound. It was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel (elution with EA/heptane) to give the titlecompound. MS (m/z): 444.4 [M+Na⁺].

Step E: Synthesis ofN-[(1S)-1-[3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl](1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

N-[(1S)-1-{3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}(1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(29 mg, 0.070 mmol) was reacted with ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (95.7mg, 0.175 mmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the tile compound.

Step F: Synthesis ofN-[(1S)-1-[3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl](1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

N-[(1S)-1-[3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl](1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(18 mg, 0.057 mmol) was reacted with SOCl₂ (17 μL, 0.23 mmol) accordingto the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the tile compound.

Step G: Synthesis ofN-[(1S)-1-[3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-({[2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl](1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

N-[(1S)-1-[3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl](1,2,2,2-²H₄)ethyl]-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide(14.3 mg, 43 μmol) was reacted with2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-ol (11 mg, 47μmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneThe crude product was purified by HPLC to yield the title compound. MS(m/z): 539.2 [M+H⁺].

Example 10B: Preparation of Compound No. 11B

(R)—N-(1-Deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamideStep A. Synthesis of tert-butyldimethyl[2-oxo(2-²H)ethoxy]silane

A solution of methyl 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)acetate (2.0 g, 10mmol) in anhydrous Et₂O (8.9 mL) was added dropwise to a stirredsuspension of LiAlD₄ (0.49 g, 12 mmol) in anhydrous Et₂O (35 mL) at −78°C. After stirring for 40 min at −78° C., the reaction was quenched bythe addition of water (0.45 mL) and 15% aqueous NaOH-solution (0.45 mL)at −78° C. Water (1.34 mL) was then added and the mixture was allowed towarm to RT. The mixture was filtrated over a pad of Celite and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo. The remaining residue was purifiedby flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with EA/heptane) to givethe title compound.

Step B. Synthesis(R)—N-[(1E)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy](1-²H)ethylidene]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

A solution of titan(IV)ethoxide (794 μL, 3.79 mmol),(R)-(+)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide (344 mg, 2.84 mmol) andtert-butyldimethyl[2-oxo(2-²H)ethoxy]silane in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) wasstirred under an atmosphere of nitrogen at RT for 16 h. After completeconversion (TLC) the reaction was quenched by the addition of water (20mL) at 0° C. and the resulting mixture was filtered through a pad ofCelite. Subsequently, the filter was carefully rinsed with DCM (2×20mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (20 mL) and the combinedorganic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuo. The remaining residue was purified by flash chromatography onsilica gel (elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS(m/z): 279.2 [M+H⁺].

Step C. Synthesis of(R)—N-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)pivalamide

AlMe₃ (2 M in toluene, 551 μL, 1.10 mmol) was added to a solution of(R)—N-[(1E)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy](1-²H)ethylidene]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(279 mg, 1.00 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1.6 mL) at −78° C. and theresulting solution was stirred for 30 min at −78° C. Then, in a secondflask, BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 508 μL, 1.27 mmol) was added to asolution of1-bromo-3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzene (381 mg,1.10 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (3.8 mL) at −78° C. and the resultingsolution was stirred for 15 min at −78° C. The(R)—N-[(1E)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy](1-²H)ethylidene]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide-containingsolution was then slowly added to the1-bromo-3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)benzene-containingsolution at −78° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to reach RT within4.5 h and was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NH₄Clsolution. The mixture was extracted with EA and the combined organiclayers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Theremaining residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with EA/heptane) to yield the title compound. MS (m/z): 567.0[M+Na⁺].

Step D. Synthesis of(R)—N-(1-Deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)acetamide

(R)—N-(2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)pivalamide(388 mg, 0.714 mmol) was deprotected according to the synthesis of(R)-2-amino-2-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanol,followed by the amidation with 2-(difluoromethoxy)acetic acid accordingto the synthesis of(S)—N—((R)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamide,followed by benzoylation, 4-methoxyphenol removal and chlorinationaccording to the synthesis of(S)-1-((R)-2-(benzoyloxy)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethylamino)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylbenzoate, followed by the reaction with2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)quinolin-8-ol and subsequentdebenzoylation according to the synthesis of(S)—N—((R)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamideto give the title compound. MS (m/z): 551.3 [M+H⁺].

Example 10C: Preparation of Compound No. 11C

(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-fluoropropanamideStep A. Synthesis of8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolineol

Acetic anhydride (0.645 mL, 0.692 g, 6.78 mmol) was added to a stirredmixture of formamidine acetate salt (0.705 g, 6.78 mmol) in anhydrousDMF (23.1 mL) at RT. After stirring for 5 min at RT, Et₃N (1.56 mL, 1.14g, 11.3 mmol) was added. After stirring for 5 min at RT, the reactionmixture was warmed to 80° C. and stirred until the reaction mixturebecame a clear solution. The reaction mixture was then allowed to coolto RT followed by the addition of acetic acid (3.10 mL, 3.25 g, 54.2mmol) and 4-hydrazinyl-8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline [A. A. Avetisyan etal. Russ. J. of Org. Chem. 2010 46(3), 427-431] (0.918 g, 4.52 mmol).After stirring for 17 h at 80° C., the reaction mixture was concentratedin vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with DCM/MeOH) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 255.2[M+H⁺].

Step B. Synthesis of2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-ol

2-Methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-ol (0.750 g, 2.95mmol) was demethylated with AlCl₃ (1.18 g, 8.85 mmol) according to thesynthesis of 4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol to givethe title compound. MS (m/z): 240.8 [M+H⁺].

Step C. Synthesis of(S)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamide

(S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethanamine(250 mg, 0.804 mmol) was reacted with L-(+)lactic acid (76 μL, 76 mg,0.85 mmol) according to the synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamideto give the tile compound. MS (m/z): 383.7 [M+H⁺].

Step D. Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-fluoropropanamide

1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (170 μL, 173 mg, 1.14 mmol) andperfluoro-1-butanesulfonyl fluoride (200 μL, 343 mg, 1.14 mmol) wassubsequently added to a stirred solution of(S)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-hydroxypropanamide(290 mg, 0.758 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (8 mL) at 0° C. After stirringfor 30 min at 0° C., the reaction mixture was allowed to reach RT andstirred overnight at RT. The reaction mixture was then poured ontoice/water and extracted with DCM (3×20 mL). The combined organic layerswere dried over Na₂SO₄, filtrated, and concentrated in vacuo. Theremaining residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel(elution with EA/heptane) to give the title compound. MS (m/z): 385.9[M+H⁺].

Step E. Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-fluoropropanamide

(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-fluoropropanamide(96 mg, 0.25 mmol) was reacted with ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (342 mg,0.624 mmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the tile compound. MS (m/z): 276.8 [M−H⁺].

Step F. Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-fluoropropanamide

(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-fluoropropanamide(47 mg, 0.17 mmol) was reacted with SOCl₂ (49 μL, 0.68 mmol) accordingto the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the tile compound. MS (m/z): 294.8 [M−H⁺].

Step G. Synthesis of(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-fluoropropanamide

(R)—N—((S)-1-deutero-1-(3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-fluoropropanamide(29 mg, 0.10 mmol) was reacted with2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-8-ol (26 mg, 0.11mmol) according to the synthesis of(S)-2-(1-(3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-((4-(4-fluoro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-methylquinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dioneto give the tile compound. MS (m/z): 501.8[M+H⁺].

Example 11: Compounds Nos. 12 to 213

The compounds Nos. 12 to 213 shown in the following Table 1 are furtherrepresentative examples of compounds according to general formula (I) ofthe present invention. These compounds have been synthesized using themethods described above, together with synthetic methods disclosed inthe references cited herein or known in the art of synthetic organicchemistry, and variations thereon as appreciated by those skilled in theart. Each of the references cited herein in relation to the routes ofsynthesis described in Examples 1 to 10C. is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety in the present specification. In any event,those skilled in the art of organic synthesis will recognize thestarting materials and reaction conditions including variations toproduce the compounds.

TABLE 1 Example Compounds Nos. 12 to 213 Cpd No. Structure Mass^(#) 12.

501.1 13.

501.0 14.

527.1 15.

527.0 16.

515.1 17.

515.1 18.

515.1 19.

527.1 20.

528.0 21.

516.5 22.

530.1 23.

516.1 24.

515.2 25.

516.1 26.

516.1 27.

516.1 28.

499.1 29.

498.6 30.

511.0 31.

485.0 32.

484.5 33.

499.1 34.

499.1 35.

537.5 36.

531.1 37.

529.6 38.

501.5 39.

556.3 40.

541.5 41.

510.2 42.

498.2 43.

498.2 44.

498.2 45.

517.1 46.

543.3 47.

543.3 48.

567.1 49.

487.1 50.

529.2 51.

555.3 52.

569.2 53.

569.1 54.

553.5 55.

499.1 56.

513.4 57.

513.4 58.

527.1 59.

515.2 60.

529.3 61.

557.5 62.

557.2 63.

498.2 64.

512.1 65.

526.1 66.

530.3 67.

529.1 68.

512.0 69.

559.1 70.

559.1 71.

531.2 72.

558.4 73.

537.5 74.

524.1 75.

517.1 76.

544.1 77.

544.1 78.

524.1 79.

537.1 80.

515.2 81.

501.2 82.

524.1 83.

498.5 84.

512.4 85.

548.3 86.

551.2 87.

552.1 88.

538.1 89.

538.1 90.

540.1 91.

538.1 92.

538.5 93.

551.5 94.

625.0 95.

521 .0 96.

521.4 97.

498.3 98.

498.4 99.

512.3 100.

512.4 101.

529.3 102.

501.1 103.

533.1 104.

545.2 105.

531.1 106.

553.1 107.

531.2 108.

537.1 109.

555.2 110.

541.2 111.

542.2 112.

542.1 113.

541.2 114.

540.2 115.

540.2 116.

552.0 117.

538.3 118.

552.4 119.

538.4 120.

521.3 121.

555.1 122.

521.3 123.

534.4 124.

534.4 125.

534.4 126.

535.9 127.

535.8 128.

522.2 129.

549.3 130.

536.2 131.

549.2 132.

542.1 133.

538.2 134.

549.3 135.

536.2 136.

550.2 137.

550.3 138.

527.4 139.

567.3 140.

548.9 141.

536.0 142.

549.0 143.

527.0 144.

537.4 145.

566.8 146.

507.4 147.

504.4 148.

518.0 149.

549.5 150.

535.5 151.

521.1 152.

552.4 153.

538.4 154.

551.4 155.

535.5 156.

535.9 157.

521.9 158.

535.9 159.

521.9 160.

512.9 161.

553.2 162.

531.0 163.

531.0 164.

531.0 165.

535.4 166.

549.3 167.

566.9 168.

535.4 169.

549.2 170.

536.2 171.

527.2 172.

514.9 173.

518.1 174.

505.1 175.

534.2 176.

503.8 177.

536.1 178.

518.1 179.

536.1 180.

518.0 181.

537.8 182.

519.8 183.

505.8 184.

512.3 185.

533.9 186.

504.2 187.

520.8 188.

497.9 189.

511.9 190.

549.9 191.

537.1 192.

497.9 193.

500.0 194.

483.9 195.

498.2 196.

521.2 197.

518.1 198.

523.2 199.

523.2 200.

525.1 201.

526.2 202.

538.0 203.

500.2 204.

500.3 205.

559.2 206.

561.2 207.

525.2 208.

538.1 209.

520.1 210.

519.7 211.

501.2 212.

501.7 213.

501.7 ^(#)Mass: The mass spectrometry data (from liquid chromatographymass spectrometry spectra) are indicated (m/z) and represent the valuesfor the protonated molecular ions [M + H⁺]

Example 12: Antagonistic Activity of Test Compounds Towards Human B2R

The following cell-based human bradykinin B2 receptor calciummobilization (hB2R-CaM) assay was used to determine the antagonisticactivity of compounds selected from the example compounds Nos. 1 to 168towards human bradykinin B2 receptor (hB2R). The assay is defined hereinas a standard in vitro B2 receptor activity assay, which can be used todetermine IC₅₀ values of the compounds according to the presentinvention, e. g. the compounds shown in Examples 1-11.

The antagonistic activity of compounds according to the presentinvention was investigated with the hB2R-CaM assay using the B2Bradykinin Receptor Stable Cell Line HTS041C (Eurofins, St. Charles MO)and the FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kit (Molecular Devices, Wokingham, UK)according to the instructions of the providers. CaM assay measurementswere performed with a Flexstation 3 System (Molecular Devices) whichallows the precise addition of compounds (B2R antagonists) andbradykinin (B2R agonist) to the cells and adjacent continuous recordingof the time-dependent CaM assay signals.

Cell Culture, Plating and Starvation:

HTS041C cells were cultured in high glucose DMEM cell culture medium(Lonza) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (PAN Biotech), 10 mMHEPES, Penicillin/Streptomycin (200 U/mL, 200 μg/mL), 1× non-essentialamino acids (Lonza), and 250 μg/mL G418 (Invivogen) in cell incubator at37° C. in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere.

One day before the CaM assay experiments cells were seeded in 200 μLDMEM cell culture medium with reduced FBS (5%) and without G418 on clearbottom black 96 well plates (ThermoFisher #165305). Cell starvation wascarried out by incubation (37° C., 5% CO₂) of 70.000 cells/well for 24 hto 28 h. Immediately prior calcium dye-loading the medium was carefullyaspirated and cells were washed with Hank's balanced salt solution(HBSS, Gibco) containing Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and 20 mM HEPES, adjusted to pH 7.4(HBSS+).Calcium Dye Loading of the Cells:

For calcium dye-loading one FLIPR 6 assay aliquot was dissolved in 20 mLHBSS+. 150 μL of the dye loading solution was added to cell plate andincubated for 120 min at 37° C. and 5% CO₂. After dye loading the cellplate was immediately transferred to the pre-warmed (37° C.) Flexstation3 System for CaM assaying.

Intracellular Calcium Mobilization Assay (CaM Assay):

Freshly prepared compound (B2 receptor antagonists) dilution series (8pt, n=2) and bradykinin (B2 receptor agonist) solution in non-bindingplates (Costar) were transferred to the Flexstation System (sourceplate) shortly before starting the experiment. Bradykinin was added inEC80 concentration determined in n>3 preliminary experiments with 8 ptconcentration response curves (n=8)). CaM assay was executed byFlexstation 3 System starting with recording of calcium-sensitive dyefluorescence in bottom-read Flex modus with ex/em=485 nm/525 nm, cutoff(em)=515 nM. After 20 s, 50 μL of 4-fold concentrated compounddilutions were added to the cells resulting in a final DMSO (Sigma)concentration of 0.1% in the cell plate. CaM signals were monitored for80 s after additions for detection of potential agonistic activities.Prior to bradykinin stimulus compound- and vehicle-treated cells wereincubated for 25 min at 37° C. within the Flexstation System. Then 50 μLof a 5-fold concentrated bradykinin solution (HBSS+, 0.1% DMSO) wasadded to trigger CaM signals (Read out: Max-Min values) which weremeasured for 80 s post bradykinin stimulus.

IC50 determinations were performed by 4 parameter logistic model curvefitting of the 8 pt (n=2) compound concentration response curves usingXLFIT (IDBS) software.

Measurement Results:

Example Compounds Nos. 2, 6, 9, 11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20, 26, 27, 29, 30, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 70, 71, 82,83, 84, 85, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 101, 102, 104, 106, 107, 110, 116, 117,118, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134,139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 155, 156, 157,158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171,172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185,187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200,201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212 and 213showed an IC50-value of equal to or below 50 nM towards human bradykininB2 receptor (hB2R).

Example Compounds Nos. 1, 8, 10, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 46,48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93, 96, 97, 99,103, 105, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 119, 123, 125, 135, 136,137, 138, 146, 151, 152, 153 and 186 showed an IC₅₀-value between 51 and250 nM towards human bradykinin B2 receptor (hB2R).

Example Compounds Nos. 3, 13, 21, 47, 52, 53, 55, 65, 72, 98 and 100showed an IC₅₀-value between 251 nM and 1000 nM towards human bradykininB2 receptor (hB2R).

None of the tested compounds showed any toxic effects in the cell-basedtest system.

Example 13: Determination of Biological Activity, Permeability andMetabolic Stability

For a more detailed evaluation of their therapeutic potential, ExampleCompounds Nos. 1, 6, 11 and 13 according to the present invention weretested for their antagonistic activity towards hB2R, their permeabilityand their metabolic stability.

No structurally similar compounds have been disclosed in the prior artpatent applications cited above or elsewhere. Prior art document WO2008/116620 discloses heteroaryl-quinolin-8-yloxymethyl-pyridinecompounds which can have similar substituents at the pyridine ring.However, WO 2008/116620 is completely silent about pharmacokineticproperties, e.g. permeability and metabolic stability, of its compounds.WO 2010/031589 discloses second-generation compounds developed on thebasis of the WO 2008/116620 compounds, which demonstrated low metabolicstability, low bioavailability, formation of glutathione adducts andbioactivation (toxicity) as disclosed in WO 2014/159637.

In the absence of known structurally-related compounds and in order todemonstrate the advantageous effects of the novel structural elements ofthe invention, virtual comparative compounds containing elementssuggested in WO 2008/116620 and WO 2010/031589, respectively, wereevaluated in the same manner for their antagonistic activity towardshB2R, their permeability and their metabolic stability. As virtualcomparative compounds, the Comparative Compounds Nos. 169, 170, 171,172, 173 and 174 shown in Table 2 below, were used. The ComparativeCompounds Nos. 169, 170, and 171 are based on structural elementssuggested in WO 2008/116620. The Comparative Compounds Nos. 172, 173 and174 virtually combine structural elements suggested in WO 2008/116620with a structural modification of the pyridine ring moiety (replacementwith a phenyl ring) as suggested in WO 2010/031589 and WO 2014/159637.In this connection, it has, however, to be noted that both, WO2010/031589 and WO 2014/159637, fail to provide any teaching orsuggestion for the claimed substituents in m-position to the chloro atomin the phenyl ring moiety. In fact, WO 2010/031589 and WO 2014/159637are entirely silent about a fluoro substituent in m-position to thechloro atom in the phenyl ring moiety, and further suggest completelydifferent substituents at the second position meta to the chloro atom inthe phenyl ring.

A: Preparation of Comparative Compounds Nos. 169 to 174

The Comparative Example Compounds Nos. 169 to 174 shown in Table 2 belowwere prepared according to the methods described above and thosedisclosed in WO 2010/031589 and WO 2008/116620 with appropriatevariations thereon as appreciated and known by those skilled in the artof synthetic organic chemistry to produce the compounds.

B: Antagonistic Activity of Test Compounds Towards hB2R

Relative IC₅₀ values of the test compounds were determined with the samehB2R-CaM assay as in Example 12. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

C: Permeability of Test Compounds

The permeability of the test compounds was determined with a Caco-2 cellpermeability assay according to Hubatsch I. et al (Nat. Protoc. 2007, 2(9), 2111-2119).

The Caco-2 cell line is a continuous cell of heterogeneous humanepithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. When cultured as a confluentmonolayer on a permeable support such as a cell culture insert filter,the cells differentiate to form a polarized epithelial cell monolayerthat provides a physical and biochemical barrier to the passage of ionsand small molecules. In form of the confluent monolayer, the Caco-2cells serve in the pharmaceutical industry as a well established invitro model of the human small intestinal mucosa to predict theabsorption of orally administered drugs. Assessing transport in bothdirections (apical to basolateral (A-B) and basolateral to apical (B-A))across the cell monolayer enables an efflux ratio to be determined whichprovides an indicator as to whether a compound undergoes active efflux.When a compound has a higher efflux ratio, it indicates that thecompound is more subject to active efflux. As will be appreciated,active efflux substantially compromises oral bioavailability.

The results of the determined efflux ratios are shown in Table 2 below.

D: Metabolic Stability of Test Compounds

Hepatic clearance is the most important drug elimination mechanism inthe body and many marketed compounds are cleared by hepatic cytochromeP450-mediated metabolism. The excretion or elimination property of thetest compounds was determined with a metabolic stability assay accordingto Obach R S (Drug Metab. Dispos. 1999, 27(11), 1350-1359).

Assays were performed in 96-deepwell-plates using liver microsomespooled from male Wistar rats (Corning). Rat liver microsomal incubationswere conducted in duplicate and incubation mixtures consisted of livermicrosomes (0.5 mg microsomal protein/mL), test compound (1 μM), MgCl₂(2 mM), and NADPH (1 mM) in a total volume of 0.7 ml sodium phosphatebuffer (100 mM, pH 7.4). Reactions were commenced with the addition ofNADPH and shaken on a horizontal shaker with a fitted heating block at37° C. At t=0 min and the time points: 10 min, 30 min and 60 min;aliquots (70 μL) were removed from the incubations and added to 140 μltermination mixtures. Termination mixtures consisted of acetonitrilesupplemented with diazepam, diclofenac and griseofulvin as internalanalytical standards. The quenched samples were processed by mixing andcentrifugation (2,200×g, 5 minutes). The particle free supernatant wasdiluted 1+1 with deionised water and subsequently subjected to LC-MS forquantitative bioanalysis in terms of test compound depletion (pump flowrate: 600 μL/min; Kinetex Phenyl-Hexyl analytical column 2.6 μm, 50×2.1mm (Phenomenex, Germany)). Incubations containing verapamil at aconcentration of 1 μM were used as high clearance positive control (PC;n=2), and incubations without NADPH (70 μl phosphate buffer(supplemented with 2 mM MgCl₂) instead of 70 μL NADPH solution), inorder to verify that any apparent loss of test item in the assayincubation was due to metabolism, were used as negative control (NC;n=2).

In the metabolic stability assay, the rate of disappearance of a testcompound over time is measured in liver microsomes, and these data areused to calculate in vitro intrinsic clearance (Cl_(int)). Cl_(int) dataallow to predict the hepatic clearance in vivo, or, in other words, canbe used as an indicator for the half life of a compound in vivo and itsoral bioavailability. Highly cleared compounds are generally consideredto be unfavourable as they are rapidly cleared in vivo resulting in ashort duration of action. Said another way, a lower in vitro intrinsicclearance is usually indicative of a longer half life in vivo and of abetter oral bioavailability.

The Cl_(int) data obtained are shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 Biological activity, permeability and metabolic stability

Relative IC₅₀* 57   29   Cl_(int) (μL/min/mg protein)** 427    56  Caco-2 BA/AB*** 3.4 1.6

Relative IC₅₀* 7.6 37   Cl_(int) (μL/min/mg protein)** 13   329   Caco-2 BA/AB*** 0.6 2.9

Relative IC₅₀* 34   8.0 Cl_(int) (μL/min/mg protein)** 132    56  Caco-2 BA/AB*** 1.1 0.7

Relative IC₅₀* 4.3 2.6 Cl_(int) (μL/min/mg protein)** 497    135   Caco-2 BA/AB*** 7.7 1.3

Relative IC₅₀* 1.0 1.1 Cl_(int) (μL/min/mg protein)** 28   20   Caco-2BA/AB*** 1.0 1.3 *IC₅₀/(IC₅₀ of compound No. 6) **Metabolic stability inmale Wistar rat liver microsomes, according to Obach RS Drug Metab.Dispos. 1999, 11, 1350-1359. ***Caco-2 BA/AB: P_(app) B to A/P_(app) Ato AB in differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayer assay according toHubatsch I. et al Nat. Protoc. 2007, 2, 2111-2119.

As can be taken from Table 2 above, the compounds of general formula (I)according to the invention demonstrate a number of important advantages,the existence of which could not have been predicted. Compared withcompounds comprising structural elements proposed in the prior art, thecompounds of the invention demonstrate:

high antagonistic activity towards hB2R;

significantly improved efflux ratio; and

significantly improved metabolic stability.

More specifically, the exemplified compounds of general formula (I)according to the invention, i.e. Example Compounds Nos. 1, 6, and 13,show an improved antagonistic activity towards hB2R. For instance,Example Compound No. 13 has a relative IC50 value of 7.6, which is7.5-fold and 3.8-fold improved as compared to the relative IC50 value ofComparative Compound No. 169 and Comparative Compound No. 172,respectively, which lack structural elements of the invention—a fluoroatom in m-position to the chloro atom in combination with the definedstereochemical configuration of the benzylic stereocenter.

The exemplified compounds of general formula (I) according to theinvention, i.e. Example Compounds Nos. 1, 6, and 13, also show animproved efflux ratio as compared to the corresponding ComparativeCompounds. In fact, all Example Compounds show a very favourable effluxratio of less than 1.5, while Comparative Compound Nos. 169 to 171 showan unfavourable high efflux ratio of greater than 2, which indicatesthat the compounds will be subject to active efflux.

The exemplified compounds of general formula (I) according to theinvention, i.e. Example Compounds Nos. 1, 6, and 13, also show asignificantly improved metabolic stability as compared to thecorresponding Comparative Compounds. In fact, all Example Compounds showa substantially lower intrinsic clearance relative to the correspondingComparative Compounds lacking the combination of structural elements ofthe invention. For instance, Example Compound No. 6 has a Cl_(int) of28, which is 17.8-fold and 4.8-fold lower as compared to the Cl_(int) ofComparative Compound No. 171 and Comparative Compound No. 174,respectively.

Further, a compound having the stereochemical configuration according tothe invention at the benzylic stereocenter will demonstrate morepredictable pharmacokinetics, safety, toxicity and tolerability as allcompounds should be metabolised in a similar manner as opposed tocompounds with a different stereochemistry which may be metaboliseddifferently or at different rates.

All in all, the results demonstrate that compounds of general formula(I) according to the invention are superior to compounds lacking thecombination of structural elements of the invention (e.g. a fluoro atomin m-position to a chloro atom in the phenyl moiety in combination withthe stereochemical configuration of the alkyl-based substituent at thebenzylic stereocenter according to the invention) in activity and inpharmacokintetic properties such as absorption and elimination.Furthermore, these results show that compounds of general formula (I)according to the invention are suitable as active agents in oral drugs.

The features of the present invention disclosed in the specificationand/or the claims may both separately and in any combination thereof bematerial for realizing the invention in various forms thereof.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A compound having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising the compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, according to claim 1, and at least one carrier substance,excipient or adjuvant.
 3. A method of treating angioedema in a subjectcomprising administering to the subject with angioedema a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, according to claim
 1. 4. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the angioedema is hereditary angioedema ordrug induced angioedema.
 5. A method of treating hereditary angioedemain a subject comprising administering to the subject with hereditaryangioedema a pharmaceutical composition according to claim
 2. 6. Themethod of claim 5, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is orallyadministered to the subject with hereditary angioedema.
 7. A compoundhaving the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 8. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising the compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, according to claim 7, and at least one carrier substance,excipient or adjuvant.
 9. A method of treating angioedema in a subjectcomprising administering to the subject with angioedema a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, according to claim
 7. 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein the angioedema is hereditary angioedema ordrug induced angioedema.
 11. A method of treating hereditary angioedemain a subject comprising administering to the subject with hereditaryangioedema a pharmaceutical composition, wherein the pharmaceuticalcomposition comprises a compound having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one carriersubstance, excipient or adjuvant.
 12. The method of claim 11, whereinthe pharmaceutical composition is orally administered to the subjectwith hereditary angioedema.